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词组 no(not)
释义
no : not —— 609
1a. 前者这个形容词只能用来修饰名词来构成否定结构(参见词目 610 和 611 ),而后者这个副词只能用来修饰动词来构成否定结构。
例如:
I have no brothers and sisters. 兄弟姊妹我都没有。
It's no laughing matter, I tell you. 我对你说了吧,这不是闹着玩的。
As long as a girl had a man of her own to look after, she'd give me no trouble. 一个姑娘有了一个男人照顾着,就不用我操心了。
Dr Mason was no speaker and he knew he was no speaker. 马逊博士不善于辞令,他自已也明白不善于辞令。
I've not seen him for a long time. 我已好久没有看见他了。
He warned me not to be late. 他警告我别迟到。
比较:
The aid - giving country should ask for no privileges. 授援国家不应要求优异待遇。(否定名词 privileges )
The aid - giving country should not ask for privileges. 授援国家不应要求优异待遇。(否定动词 ask )
Fight no battle unprepared. 不打没有准备的仗。(表示意见和主张)
Don't fight a battle unprepared. 不要打没有准备的仗。(下达指示)
1b. 如果名词前饰有 any 、 many 、 much 、 enough 等形容词以及不定冠词 a 或 an 和定冠同 the ,就得改用 not 来构成否定结构;也就是说,用它来否定这些形容词和冠词。
比较:
I have no brothers and sisters. 兄弟姊妹我都没有。
I have not any brothers and sisters. 我没有什么兄弟姊妹。
No two persons think alike. 两人各有各的想法。( no 否定 two persons )
Not two persons think alike, but all of us. 不仅两个人的想法不同,我们也是这样。( not 否定 two )
Dick is no fool. 狄克此人很厉害。(含有强调意义)
Dick is not a fool. 狄克不是一个傻瓜。(仅仅表示否定)
After several failures I gave up the attempt ; actually I had no heart for it from the very beginning. 几次失败之后,我已放弃这一尝试,其实,一开始我就不大起劲。
After so many failures he had not the heart to try again. 多次失败之后,他就不想再试了。
It is no good talking to him. 同他讲没有用。(说绝了)
It is not much good talking to him. 同他讲没有多大用处。(没有说绝)
1c. 否定存在,要用前者;否定一个同位语要用后者。
例如:
In our class there is no student who doesn't come from labouring people's family. 在我们班里,没有一个学生不是劳动人民家庭出身。(否定存在)
Our teacher is not an English man, but an American. 我们的老师不是英国人,而是一位美国人。(否定同位语)
1d. 作为一个限定词,前者相当于 not a 或 not any 的用法,所以表达部分否定要用前者;表达全部否定要使用后者。
例如:
I've got no Thursday free this term. 这学期哪一个星期四都没有空。
She had no idea what I meant. 她一点也不理解我的意思。
The students went on strike, but not the workers. 学生罢课,可工人没罢工。
I can see you tomorrow, but not on Thursday or Friday. 明天我可以接见你,但星期四和星期五不行。
比较:
The students went on strike, but no workers did so. 学生罢课,可工人没罢工。(指全体)
The students went on strike, but not the workers. 学生罢课,可工人没罢工。(指部分)
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更新时间:2024/10/30 14:13:05