| 词组 | so |
| 释义 | so So is used in several different ways. ◊ referring back You can use so after 'do' to refer back to an action that has just been mentioned. For example, instead of saying 'He crossed the street. As he crossed the street, he hummed a tune', you say 'He crossed the street. As he did so, he hummed a tune'. He went to close the door, tripping as he did so over a pair of boots. A signal which should have turned red failed to do so. You can use so after 'if' to form a conditional clause. For example, instead of saying 'Have you been to Chesterfield? If you have been to Chesterfield, you will remember the twisted spire on the church', you say 'Have you been to Chesterfield? If so, you will remember the twisted spire on the church'. Do you enjoy romantic films? If so, you should watch the film on ITV tonight. Will that be enough? If so, do not ask for more. You often use so after a reporting verb, especially when you are replying to what someone has said. For example, if someone says 'Is Alice at home?', you can say 'I think so', meaning 'I think Alice is at home'. 'Are you all right?' ---'I think so.' 'Is there anything else you want to tell me?' ---'I don't think so.' 'Is it to rent?' ---'I believe so.' 'They're shut now, aren't they?' ---'Oh gosh, are they?' ---'I expect so, at this time.' The reporting verbs most commonly used with so are 'believe', 'expect', 'hope', 'say', 'suppose', 'tell', and 'think'. See separate entries at these words. So is also used in a similar way after 'I'm afraid'. 'So you think you could lose?' ---'I'm afraid so.' You can also use so to say that something which has just been said about one person or thing is true about another. You put so at the beginning of a clause, followed by 'be', 'have', an auxiliary, or a modal, and then the subject of the clause. His shoes are brightly polished; so is his briefcase. Etta laughed heartily, and so did he. 'He looks very hot and dry.' ---'So would you if you had a temperature of 103.' ◊ used for emphasis You can use so to emphasize an adjective. For example, you can say 'It's so cold today'. I was so busy. These games are so boring. However, if the adjective is in front of a noun, you use such, not 'so'. You say, for example, 'It's such a cold day today'. She was so nice. She was such a nice girl. The children seemed so happy. She seemed such a happy woman. See entry at ↑ If the adjective comes after 'the', 'this', 'that', 'these', 'those', or a possessive, you do not use so or such. You do not say, for example 'It was our first visit to this so old town'. You say 'It was our first visit to this very old town'. He had recovered from his very low state of the previous evening. I sincerely hope that these very unfortunate people will not be forgotten. You can also use so to emphasize an adverb. I sleep so soundly. Time seems to have passed so quickly. ◊ 'ever so' In conversation, you can use ever so as an emphatic form of 'so'. I am ever so grateful to you for talking to me. She's ever so serious. ◊ 'so ... that': mentioning a result You use so in front of an adjective when you are saying that something happens because someone or something has a quality to an unusually large extent. After the adjective, you use a 'that'-clause. The crowd was so large that it overflowed the auditorium. We were so angry we asked to see the manager. Note that you do not use 'so' in the second clause. You do not say, for example, 'We were so angry so we asked to see the manager'. You can use so in a similar way in front of an adverb. He dressed so quickly that he put his boots on the wrong feet. She had fallen down so often that she was covered in mud. Instead of using so in front of an adjective, you can use such in front of a noun group containing the adjective. For example, instead of saying 'The house was so big that we decided to sell it', you can say 'It was such a big house that we decided to sell it'. The change was so gradual that it escaped the tourists' notice. This can be such a gradual process that you are not aware of it happening. When you use so with 'that', you can change the order of the words in the first clause for greater emphasis. You put so and the adjective at the beginning of the clause, followed by 'be', an auxiliary, or a modal, and then the subject. So rapid is the rate of progress that advance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis. So successful have they been that they are moving to Bond Street. This kind of construction is only used in writing and broadcasts. You do not use it in conversation. You can use so, and so, or so that to introduce the result of a situation that you have just mentioned. He speaks very little English, so I talked to him through an interpreter. She was having great difficulty getting her car out, and so I had to move my car to let her out. My suitcase had become damaged on the journey home, so that the lid would not stay closed. ◊ 'so that' in purpose clauses You also use so that to say that something is done for a particular purpose. He has to earn lots of money so that he can buy his children nice food and clothes. |
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