| 词组 | all |
| 释义 | all ◊ used as a determiner You use all immediately in front of the plural form of a noun to talk about every thing or person of a particular kind. All dogs are nasty, smelly brutes. All pupils will be expected to learn how to use information technology. You can use all immediately in front of an uncount noun when you are making a general statement about something. All crime is some kind of revolutionary activity. When you use all in front of the plural form of a noun, you use a plural form of a verb after it. All boys like to eat. When you use all in front of an uncount noun, you use a singular form of a verb after it. All pollution is simply an unused resource. ◊ used with other determiners If you want to say something about every thing or person in a group, you use all, followed by 'the', 'these', 'those', or a possessive determiner, followed by the plural form of a noun. All the cloths were lying flat on the bench. All the girls think it's great. He has done all these things. She likes all those children so much. All my friends must have known. If you want to say something about the whole of a particular thing, you use all, followed by 'the', 'this', 'that', or a possessive determiner, followed by an uncount noun or the singular form of a count noun. They lugged all the stuff into the hall. She was around all the time. Had all this strife been necessary? I want to thank the people of New York for all their help. You can put of between all and a determiner. This use is more common in American English than in British English. All of the defendants were proved guilty. All of these religions are closely bound to particular cultures. All of my stuff was in order. It will probably never be possible to establish the exact truth about all of their activities. ◊ used in front of pronouns You can use all or all of in front of the pronouns 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those'. Oh dear, what are we going to do about all this? ...the agony all of this must have caused. Were you really interested in all that? Maybe all of that is true, but that's not what the narrative is about. I got all these for two quid. I think probably all of these would show up better on a better slide. However, in front of personal pronouns you must use all of. You do not use 'all'. Drink it, all of you. It would be impossible to list all of it in one programme. You do not use 'we' or 'they' after all of. Instead you use us or them. All of us eat starches to a greater or lesser extent. All of them were taken on a guided tour of the State Bedrooms. ◊ used after the subject All can also be used after the subject of a clause. For example, instead of saying 'All our friends came', you can say 'Our friends all came'. When there is no auxiliary, all goes in front of the verb, unless the verb is 'be'. Their names all began with S. We all felt a bit guilty. If the verb is 'be', all goes after 'be'. They were all asleep. This is all new to me. If there is an auxiliary, you put all after it. It will all be over soon. We don't all have your advantages. If there is more than one auxiliary, you put all after the first one. The bedroom dresser drawers had all been pulled open. All can also come after the direct or indirect object of a verb when this object is a personal pronoun. We treat them all as if they were china. I really do hate you all. ◊ used as a pronoun All can itself be used as a pronoun with the meaning 'everything' or 'the only thing'. It is often used like this in front of a relative clause. It was the result of all that had happened previously. All I did was wash the little girl's ears. All I've got is a number. All is sometimes used as the subject of a sentence to refer to every person in a group. This is a rather formal use. All were sitting as before. All were agreed that the consensus had broken down. ◊ WARNING You do not use a noun group beginning with all as the subject of a negative sentence. You do not say, for example, 'All the children are not noisy'. Instead you use none or not all. However, there is a difference in meaning. 'None of the children are noisy' means 'Not one of the children is noisy'. 'Not all of the children are noisy' means 'Some of the children are not noisy'. After none you can use either a singular or plural form of a verb. None of these suggestions is very helpful. None of us were allowed to go. When you use not all with the plural form of a noun, you use a plural form of a verb after it. Not all hippies are devoid of these values. Not all the houses we get offered have central heating. When you use not all with an uncount noun or the singular form of a count noun, you use a singular form of a verb after it. Not all British industry is delighted. ◊ 'both' Do not confuse all with both. You use all when you are talking about three or more things. You use both when you are talking about just two things. See entry at ↑ ◊ 'every' Every has a similar meaning to all. 'Every teacher was consulted' means the same as 'All the teachers were consulted'. However, there is a difference between all and every when you use them with expressions of time. For example, if you spend all day doing something, you spend the whole of one day doing it. If you do something every day, you keep doing it each day. We can stay here and drink wine all night. These trolleys journeyed up and down all day. She told me that she came that way every day. ...a dozen places like it were advertised every evening in the local paper. ◊ 'whole' Whole and the whole of also have a similar meaning to all. For example, 'the whole building' and 'the whole of the building' both mean the same as 'all the building'. However, all and whole have different meanings in front of the plural form of a noun. If you say 'All the buildings have been destroyed', you mean that every building has been destroyed. If you say 'Whole buildings have been destroyed', you mean that some buildings have been destroyed completely. I've taken all my sulphur pills. ...all the cooking utensils. This established new balances of power for whole regions. There were whole speeches I did not understand. |
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