| 词组 | inversion |
| 释义 | inversion ◊ GRAMMAR Inversion means changing the normal word order in a sentence by putting part or all of the verb group in front of the subject. Usually an auxiliary is put in front of the subject, and the rest of the verb group is put after the subject. If no other auxiliary is used, a form of 'do' is used, unless the verb is 'be'. ◊ in questions Inversion is normal in questions. Are you ready? Can John swim? Did he go to the fair? Why did you fire him? How many are there? You do not need to use inversion when you are expecting someone to confirm what you are saying, or when you want to express a reaction such as surprise, interest, doubt, or anger about what has just been said. You've been having trouble? She's not going to do it? 'She's gone home.' ---'She's gone back to Montrose?' ◊ WARNING You must use inversion in a question that begins with a 'wh'-word, unless the 'wh'-word is the subject. For example, you must say 'What did she think?', not 'What she thought?' Inversion is not used in reported questions. You do not say, for example, 'She asked what was I doing'. You say 'She asked what I was doing'. See entry at ↑ ◊ after place adverbials Inversion occurs in descriptions of a place or scene when an adverbial of place is put at the beginning of a clause. This type of structure is found mainly in writing. On the ceiling hung dustpans and brushes. Beyond them lay the fields. Behind the desk was a middle-aged woman. Note that in this kind of inversion the main verb is put in front of the subject. Inversion is used in speech after 'here' and 'there' when you are drawing attention to something. Here's the money, go and buy yourself a watch. Here's my card! Here comes the cloud of smoke. There's another one! ◊ WARNING You do not use inversion when the subject is a personal pronoun. Here he comes. There she is. ◊ after negative adverbials Inversion occurs when broad negative adverbs or other negative adverbials are put at the beginning of a clause for emphasis. This structure is used in formal speech and writing. Never have I experienced such agony. Seldom have enterprise and personal responsibility been more needed. Rarely has so much time been wasted by so many people. The police said the man was extremely dangerous and that on no account should he be approached. Note that inversion also occurs in formal speech and writing after adverbials preceded by 'only'. Only then would I ponder the contradictions inherent in my own personality. See entry at ↑ ◊ after 'neither' and 'nor' You use inversion after 'neither' and 'nor' when you are saying that the previous negative statement also applies to another person or group. 'I can't remember.' ---'Neither can I.' Research assistants don't know how to do it, and nor do qualified tutors. ◊ after 'so' You use inversion after 'so' when you are saying that the previous positive statement also applies to another person or group. 'I've been through the Ford works at Dagenham.' ---'So have I.' 'I hate KB.' ---'So do I. A most unsociable place, isn't it?' 'Skating's just a matter of practice.' ---'Yes, well, so is skiing.' Bioff went to jail. So did the national president. Note that when 'so' is used to express surprise or to emphasize that someone should do something, inversion does not occur. 'It's on the table behind you.' ---'So it is!' 'I feel very guilty about it.' ---'So you should.' ◊ other uses Inversion occurs in conditional clauses that are not introduced by a conjunction. This structure is formal. Had the two tied, victory would have gone to Todd. Inversion can occur in comparisons after 'as'. The piece was well and confidently played, as was Peter Maxwell Davies' 'Revelation and Fall'. Their father, George Churchill, also made jewellery, as did their grandfather. Inversion is often used after a quote. See entry at ↑ |
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