| 词组 | not |
| 释义 | not Not is used with verbs to form negative sentences. ◊ position of 'not' You put not after the first auxiliary or modal, if there is one. They are not seen as major problems. They might not even notice. Most people suffering from the disease have not been exposed unduly to radiation. If there is no other auxiliary, you use 'do' as the auxiliary. After not you use the base form of a verb. The girl did not answer. He does not speak English very well. In conversation, when 'not' is used after 'be', 'have', 'do', or a modal, it is not usually pronounced in full. When you write down what someone says, you usually represent 'not' as n't and add it to the verb in front of it. In some cases, the verb also changes its form. For an explanation of these changes, see entry at ↑ Note that with almost all verbs you do not use not without an auxiliary. You do not say, for example, 'I not liked it' or 'I liked not it'. You say 'I didn't like it'. There are two exceptions to this. When you use not with 'be', you do not use an auxiliary. You simply put not after 'be'. I'm not sure about this. The program was not a success. When 'have' is used as a main verb with not, it is sometimes used without an auxiliary, but only in the contracted forms 'hasn't', 'haven't', and 'hadn't'. You haven't any choice. The sky hadn't a cloud in it. However, it is more common to use the forms 'doesn't have', 'don't have', and 'didn't have'. This question doesn't have a proper answer. We don't have any direct control of the rents. I didn't have a cheque book. ◊ WARNING When you use not to make what you are saying negative, you do not usually use another negative word such as 'nothing', 'never', or 'none'. You do not say, for example, 'I don't know nothing about it'. You say 'I don't know anything about it'. ◊ 'not really' You can make a negative statement more polite or less strong by using 'really' after not. Winning or losing is not really important. It doesn't really matter. I don't really want to be part of it. You can reply to some questions by saying 'Not really'. See entry at ↑ ◊ 'not very' When you make a negative statement using not and an adjective, you can make the statement less strong by putting 'very' in front of the adjective. The fees are not very high. I'm not very interested in the subject. That's not a very good arrangement. ◊ WARNING Although you can say that something is 'not very good', you do not use not in front of other words meaning 'very good'. You do not say, for example, that something is 'not excellent' or 'not marvellous'. ◊ used with negative adjectives You can make a positive statement by using not in front of an adjective that already has a negative meaning. For example, if you say that something is not unreasonable, you mean that it is quite reasonable. Frost and snow are not uncommon during these months. It is not unlikely that they could change again. When you use 'a' and a short adjective in statements like these, you put not in front of 'a'. With long adjectives, you can put not either in front of 'a' or after it. It's not a bad idea. It is not an unpleasant feeling. This is a not unreasonable interpretation. ◊ used with 'to'-infinitives You can use not with a 'to'-infinitive. You put not in front of 'to', not after it. The Prime Minister has asked his ministers not to discuss the issue publicly any more. I decided not to go in. Be careful not to overdo it. ◊ 'not' in contrasts You can use not to link two words or expressions. You do this to point out that something is the case, and to contrast it with what is not the case. The plaque confirmed that the paintings were a gift, not a bequest. The world can only be grasped by action, not by contemplation. You can make a similar contrast by changing the order of the words or expressions. When you do this, you put not in front of the first word or expression and but in front of the second one. A passport was now not a right but a privilege. Industry is owned and controlled not by you, but by your employer. ◊ used with sentence adverbs You can use not with 'surprisingly', 'unexpectedly', or 'unusually' to make a negative comment on a statement. Not surprisingly, the Council rejected the suggestion. Not unexpectedly, the revelation caused enormous interest. But, not unusually, Jo surprised me. ◊ 'not all' Not is sometimes used with 'all' and with words beginning with 'every-' to form the subject of a sentence. For example, instead of saying 'Some snakes are not poisonous', you can say 'Not all snakes are poisonous'. Not all the houses we get offered have central heating. Not everyone agrees with me. ◊ 'not only' Not only is often used with 'but' or 'but also' to link two words or word groups. For an explanation of this use, see entry at ↑ |
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