| 词组 | opinions |
| 释义 | opinions People often use expressions which show their attitude to what they are saying. There are many adverbials which are used to show your attitude to what you are saying. These adverbials, which are sometimes called sentence adverbials, are explained below. Most of them are usually put first in a clause. They can also come at the end of a clause, or within a clause. ◊ indicating type of opinion There are many sentence adverbials which you can use to indicate your opinion of the fact or event you are talking about, for example whether you think it is surprising or is a good thing or not. The following adverbials are commonly used in this way: absurdly, astonishingly, characteristically, coincidentally , conveniently, curiously, fortunately, happily, incredibly, interestingly, ironically, luckily, mercifully, miraculously, mysteriously, naturally, oddly, of course, paradoxically, predictably, remarkably, sadly, significantly, strangely, surprisingly, typically, unbelievably, understandably, unexpectedly, unfortunately, unhappily Interestingly, the solution adopted in these two countries was the same. Luckily, I had seen the play before so I knew what it was about. Surprisingly, most of my help came from the technicians. It is fortunately not a bad bump, and Henry is only slightly hurt. A small number of adverbs are often used in front of 'enough'. curiously, funnily, interestingly, oddly, strangely Funnily enough, old people seem to love bingo. Interestingly enough, this proportion has not increased. You can show what you think of someone's action using one of the following adverbs: bravely, carelessly, cleverly, correctly, foolishly, generously, kindly, rightly, wisely, wrongly She very kindly arranged a beautiful lunch. Paul Gayner is rightly famed for his menu for vegetarians. Foolishly, we had said we would do the decorating. Note that these adverbs typically come after the subject or the first auxiliary of the clause. They can be put in other positions for emphasis. ◊ being cautious You can use one of the following adverbials to indicate that you are making a general, basic, or approximate statement: all in all, all things considered, altogether, as a rule, at a rough estimate, basically, broadly, by and large, essentially, for the most part, fundamentally, generally, in essence, in general, on average, on balance, on the whole, overall, ultimately Basically, the more craters a surface has, the older it is. By and large we were free to treat this material very much as we wished. I think on the whole we don't do too badly. You can also use the expressions 'broadly speaking', 'generally speaking', and 'roughly speaking'. We are all, broadly speaking, middle class. Roughly speaking, the problem appears to be confined to the tropics. You can use one of the following adverbials to show that your statement is not completely true, or only true in some ways: almost, in a manner of speaking, in a way, in effect, more or less, practically, so to speak, to all intents and purposes, to some extent, up to a point, virtually It was almost a relief when the race was over. In a way I liked her better than Mark. They are, in effect, still trapped in a history which they do not understand. Rats eat practically anything. Note that 'almost', 'practically', and 'virtually' are not used at the beginning of a clause, unless they relate to a subject beginning with a word like 'all', 'any', or 'every'. Practically all schools make pupils take examinations. ◊ indicating degree of certainty You can indicate how certain or definite you are about what you are saying by using one of the following adverbials. They are arranged from 'least certain' to 'most certain'. conceivably, possibly, perhaps, maybe, hopefully, probably, presumably, almost certainly, no doubt, doubtless, definitely She is probably right. Perhaps they looked in the wrong place. 'Maybe' is normally used at the beginning of a sentence. Maybe you ought to try a different approach. 'Definitely' is hardly ever used at the beginning of a sentence. You can imply that you do not have personal knowledge of something, or responsibility for it, by using 'It seems that...' or 'It appears that...'. I'm so sorry. It seems that we're fully booked tonight. It appears that he followed my advice. You can also use the adverb 'apparently'. Apparently they had a row. ◊ indicating that something is obvious You can use the following adverbials to indicate that you think it is obvious that what you are saying is right: clearly, naturally, obviously, of course, plainly Obviously I can't do the whole lot myself. Price, of course, is a critical factor. You can also use expressions such as 'I need hardly say' and 'I need hardly tell you'. I need hardly say that none of those involved saw fit to declare their latest acquisitions to the proper authorities. I need hardly tell you what a delight it would be to serve under you again. This, it need hardly be said, is a fantastic improvement. ◊ emphasizing truth You can emphasize the truth of your statement using the following adverbials: actually, believe me, certainly, honestly, indeed, really, truly Sometimes we actually dared to penetrate their territory. Believe me, if you get robbed, the best thing to do is forget about it. I don't mind, honestly. Eight years was indeed a short span of time. I really am sorry. Note that you use 'indeed' at the end of a clause only when you have used 'very' in front of an adjective or adverb. I think she is a very stupid person indeed. See entry at ↑ You can use 'exactly', 'just', and 'precisely' to emphasize the correctness of your statement. They'd always treated her exactly as if she were their own daughter. I know just how you feel. It is precisely his sensitivity to injustice which is presented as a sick deviation. ◊ indicating personal opinion If you want to emphasize that you are expressing an opinion, you can use one of the following adverbials: in my opinion, in my view, personally, to my mind In my opinion it was probably a mistake. There hasn't, in my view, been enough research done on mob violence. Personally, I'm against capital punishment for murder. She succeeded, to my mind, in living up to her legend. You can also say 'As far as I'm concerned'. As far as I'm concerned, it would be a moral duty. ◊ indicating honesty You can indicate that you are making an honest statement using 'frankly' or 'in all honesty'. Frankly, the more I hear about him, the less I like him. In all honesty, I would prefer Madison. Another way of indicating this is to use 'to be' followed by 'frank', 'honest', or 'truthful'. I don't really know, to be honest. To be perfectly honest, he was a tiny bit frightened of them. 'How do you rate him as a photographer?' ---'Not particularly highly, to be frank.' These types of adverbials often act as a kind of warning or apology that you are going to say something rather impolite or controversial. ◊ indicating form of statement You can use 'to put it' followed by an adverb to draw attention to the fact that you are making your statement in a particular way. To put it crudely, all unions have got the responsibility of looking after their members. Other social classes, to put it simply, are either not there or are only in process of formation. You can use 'to put it mildly' or 'to say the least' to indicate that what you are saying is an understatement. A majority of college students have, to put it mildly, misgivings about military service. The history of these decisions is, to say the least, disquieting. ◊ explicitly labelling a thought You can use 'I' with a verb which refers to having an opinion or belief to indicate how strongly you hold an opinion. If you just say 'I think' or 'I reckon', this often has the effect of softening your statement and making it less definite. By using 'I suppose', you often imply that you are not really convinced about what you are saying. The following verbs are used like this: agree, assume, believe, fancy, guess, hope, imagine, presume, realize, reckon, suppose, think, trust, understand What he has been doing, I assume, is taking care of security. A lot of that goes on, I imagine. He was, I think, in his early sixties when I first encountered him. I reckon you're right. I suppose she could have shot the two of them, but I don't really see why. You can use 'I'm' with the following adjectives in a similar way. certain, convinced, positive, sure I'm sure he'll win. I'm convinced that it is a viable way of teaching. I'm quite certain they would have made a search and found him. ◊ explicitly labelling a statement You can explicitly indicate what kind of thing you are saying by using 'I' and one of the following verbs: acknowledge, admit, assure, claim, concede, confess, contend, demand, deny, guarantee, maintain, pledge, predict, promise, propose, submit, suggest, swear, tell, vow, warn I admit there are problems about removing these safeguards. It was all in order, I assure you. I guarantee you'll like my work. I warn you I am not at all a compatible person. Note that 'I can't deny' and 'I don't deny' are used much more often than 'I deny'. I can't deny that you're upsetting me. 'I say' is not often used. However, people often use 'say' in more complicated ways, for example with modals, to show that they are thinking carefully about what they are saying, or to show that they are only giving a personal opinion. I must say I have a good deal of sympathy with Dr Pyke. Well, I must say it all sounds pretty peculiar. All I can say is that it's extraordinary how similar they are. What I'm really saying is, I'm delighted they've got it. I would even go so far as to say that we are on the brink of a revolution. 'Let me', 'May I', and 'I would like' are used with various verbs to introduce explicitly a point or question. Let me give you an example. First let me explain some of the principles involved. May I make one other point. I would like to ask you one question. ◊ drawing attention to what you are about to say You can use a structure consisting of 'the', a noun (or adjective and noun), and 'is' to classify what you are about to say, in a way that draws attention to it and shows that you think it is important. The nouns most commonly used in this structure are: answer, conclusion, fact, point, problem, question, rule, solution, thing, tragedy, trouble, truth The fact is they were probably right. The point is, why should we let these people do this to us? The only trouble is it's rather noisy. Well, you see, the thing is she's gone away. The crazy thing is, most of us were here with him on that day. Note that 'that' can be used after 'is', unless the next clause is a question. The important thing is that she's eating normally. The problem is that the demand for health care is unlimited. You can also use a clause beginning with 'what' as the subject. What's particularly impressive, though, is that they use electronics so well. What's wrong with technology is that it's not connected in any real way with matters of the spirit. But what's happening is that each year our old machinery becomes less adequate. |
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