U 钢，钢铁 a metal consisting of iron in a hard strong form containing some carbon and sometimes other metals, and used in building materials, cutting tools, machines, etc.

　export ～　出口钢材
　import ～　进口钢材
　make ～　炼钢，生产钢材
　manufacture ～　生产钢材
　need ～　需要钢材
　produce ～　生产钢铁
　roll ～　轧钢
　save ～　节省钢材
　temper ～　炼钢
　turn out ～　生产钢材
　use ～　使用钢材
　waste ～　浪费钢材
　carbonic ～　碳钢
　cold ～　利器（指刀、剑等）
　hard ～　硬钢
　medium carbon ～　中碳钢
　sheet ～　薄钢板
　tool ～　工具钢
　～ cable　钢丝绳
　～ knife　钢刀
　～ mill　钢铁厂
　～ plate　钢板
　～ work　钢制品
　～ works　钢铁厂
　a bar of ～　钢条
　a heart of ～　铁石心肠
　a heat of ～　一炉钢
　a sheet of ～　钢片
　a strip of ～　钢条（片）

　Hot steel is quenched to harden it.　烧热的钢放入水中骤冷使之坚硬。
　Fingers like prongs of steel dug into his throat.　钢叉似的指头掐住了他的喉管。
　A bayonet blade is forged from the finest steel.　刺刀刃是用最优质的钢锻造的。
　Most tools are made from steel.　大多数工具是由钢做的。
　The various steels produced are processed to meet the international standards.　所生产的各种钢材经过加工使之符合国际标准。
　Carbon steels exist in three stable crystalline phases.　碳素钢含有3种稳定的结晶状态。
　She has a heart of steel.　她是铁石心肠的人。
　He held my arm with a grip of steel.　他紧紧抓住我的胳膊。
　The brave soldier had nerves of steel.　那个勇敢的士兵很有胆量。
　You must have nerves of steel to be able to climb up that tall chimney.　你必须具有超人的胆量和勇气，才能爬上那个高烟囱。
　"I have made up my mind," he said with steel in his voice.　“我已经打定主意了，”他坚定地说。
　They fought with cold steel.　他们进行白刃战。
　The enemy may have recourse to steel instead of poison.　敌人可能用凶器来取代放毒。
　Give the enemy a taste of cold steel!　让敌人尝尝刀剑的厉害！
　The knight plunged his steel into the bandit's throat.　那位骑士把剑刺进了匪徒的咽喉。
　Last year these steel plants achieved a 10 per cent increase over 1976.　去年这些钢铁厂比1976年增产10%。
　We have succeeded in bending the thick steel plates.　我们终于把这些厚钢板弄弯了。
　In the steel plate five holes were drilled an inch apart.　在这块钢板上钻了五个相距一英寸的孔。
　In that country, steel output dropped further this year.　在那个国家，钢产量今年进一步下降了。
　They expected steel production to reach 20 million tons.　他们预计钢产量将达到两千万吨。
　The government has been pouring money into the steel industry recently.　政府近来一直把大笔资金投入到钢铁产业中。
　The prisoner had filed through the steel bars and escaped.　那囚犯锉断钢条逃跑了。
　The heavy steel doors mocked the attempts of the thieves to open the safe.　厚重的铁门使盗贼开启保险箱的企图无法得逞。

 ♣ 下面两个短语意思不同：
　

　人们提到鞍山就联想到钢铁。
　［误］ People connect Anshan with steel and iron.
　［正］ People connect Anshan with iron and steel.
　［析］ 汉语说“钢铁”，而英语则习惯说iron and steel.

　vt.　使坚强，使坚定 make (especially oneself) hard, unfeeling, or determined

　～ the razor　钢化剃刀
　～ wills　锻炼意志
　～ bravely　勇敢地使坚强
　～ cleverly　机敏地使坚强
　～ coolly　冷静地使坚强
　～ safely　有把握地使坚强
　～ unexpectedly　出乎意外地使坚强
　～ against　使坚强起来以抗御或承受（某事）
　～ for　使…作好思想准备以对付（某事）或进行（某事）

　It is difficult to steel the razor.　把剃刀钢化不太容易。
　They settled down in the countryside to steel their wills.　他们到农村安家落户以锻炼自己的意志。
　I'm afraid I have bad news for you, so steel yourself.　很抱歉，有坏消息告诉你，你得坚强些。
　You should steel your heart to take things as they come.　你应该硬起心肠，顺其自然。
　He steeled himself to tell her about her father's death.　他硬起心肠把她父亲的死讯告诉了她。
　He steeled himself to go in and say he was wrong.　他硬着头皮进去道歉。
　He steeled himself to meet the attacks.　他使自己坚强起来去迎接一次次攻击。
　She steeled herself to go in and say good-bye to her mother.　她抑制住感情进去和妈妈告别。

 ♣ steel against　(v.+prep.)
　使坚强起来以抗御或承受（某事）　prepare, as by hardening (oneself, one's heart, etc.) to oppose or face (sth)
　It helps if you can steel yourself against failure.　如果在失败时你能坚强些，那会有益处的。
　She had to steel her heart against pity.　她须硬起心肠以顶住怜悯之情。
 ♣ steel for　(v.+prep.)
　使…作好思想准备以对付（某事）或进行（某事）　prepare (usually oneself) mentally to deal with (sth expected) or do (sth)
　Our men must steel themselves for further attack.　我们的战士要为再次受到攻击作好思想准备。
　He steeled himself for the blow.　他使自己坚强起来，经得起打击。

 ♣ steel, embolden, encourage
　参见encourage条。

　［派生词］ steely adj.钢铁般的，似钢铁的
　［同义词］ n. iron v. embolden, encourage
　［词源］　古英语steli（钢）