1. vt.声称，断言　 assert; say that sth is a fact
2. vt. & vi.对…提出要求，索取　 ask for or demand as the rightful owner or as one's right
3. vt.（灾难等）使失踪〔死亡　〕(of a disaster, an accident, etc.) cause the loss or death of sb
4. vt.需要，值得　 call for; deserve; need; require

　～ one's right　要求得到权利
　～ payment　要求付钱
　～ sb's attention　要求某人注意
　～ sb's the estate　要求财产
　～ fairly　正当地要求
　～ repeatedly　再三要求
　～ back　要求收回
　～ by right of descent　凭世袭权要求
　～ for damage　要求赔偿损失
　～ on the insurance　要求保险金

　I claim payment from my friend.　我要求我的朋友付款。
　Has anyone claimed the bike?　有人来认领这辆自行车吗?
　The flood claimed hundreds of lives.　水灾夺走了数百人的生命。
　There are several matters that claim my attention.　有几件事值得我注意。
　The care of the baby claims half my time.　照顾婴儿需要我一半的时间。
　They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.　他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。
　He claimed that he found the money in the forest.　他声称他是在森林中发现这些钱的。
　He claimed himself to be engineer.　他声称自己是工程师。
　They claimed the child as their own.　他们声称这孩子是他们自己的。
　It is claimed to be true.　人们说这是真实的。

 ♣ claim against　(v.+prep.)
　（根据…)有权利要求得到　(according to sth) have right to get sth
　You should be able to claim against the car insurance.　你可以要求得到汽车保险金。
　You should claim the cost against the house insurance.　你可以根据房屋合同要求得到赔偿。
 ♣ claim back　(v.+adv.)
　要求付还　ask for paying back
　Buy the special supplies for the company, and claim back their cost.　先垫钱替公司买这些特殊用品，然后再把钱支出来。
 ♣ claim for　(v.+prep.)
1. 要求支付…的费用 require sb to pay the money for sth
　Can I claim for yesterday's journey?　能支付给我昨天的差旅费吗?
　You can only claim 100 dollars a day for your travel.　差旅费只能一天付给你100美元。
2. 声称〔宣布〕…属于 declare sth belonging to sb
　The discoverer claimed the island for the nation.　那个发现者宣布该岛属于他的国家。
　Magical properties are sometimes claimed for certain medicines.　某些药物被认为有时具有神奇的效应。

 ♣ claim, affirm, allege, assert, declare
　参见allege条。
 ♣ claim, demand, exact, require
　参见exact条。

1. C 要求　 demand; request
2. C 主张，断言　statement of sth as a fact; assertion

　accept a ～　接受要求
　drop〔waive〕 one's ～　放弃要求
　hand in a ～　送交一项要求
　reject sb's ～　拒绝某人的要求
　relinquish〔withdraw〕 a ～　撤回要求
　resist a ～　反对一项要求
　satisfy one's ～　满足要求
　settle a ～　解决一项要求
　excessive ～　过分的要求
　fair ～　公正的要求
　legal ～　合法要求
　outstanding ～　未解决的要求
　the first ～　首先要求
　unsupported ～　没有根据的要求
　compensation ～　赔偿要求
　war-damage ～　战争赔偿要求
　～ against a company for　要求公司…
　～ for compensation〔repayment〕　赔偿要求
　～ for damages　赔偿损失的要求
　～ of justice　正义的要求
　～ to the property　对财产的要求

　She has no claim on my sympathies.　她无权要求得到我的同情。
　He made a claim for damages.　他提出赔偿损害的要求。
　Mary made a claim to the book.　玛丽提出认领此书。
　His claim to own the house is valid.　他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
　He made no claims to sound scholarship.　他并不自以为有什么大学问。

 ♣ lay claim to　
1. 声称…的权力 state that one has a right to sth
　If the land really belongs to you, why don't you lay claim to it?　如果这块地真正属于你，为什么你不据理力争呢?
2. 自称有知识〔技能〕等 state that one has knowledge, understanding, a skill, etc.
　Of course, I lay no claim to being famous writer.　当然，我不以名作家自居。
 ♣ put in a claim for　
　提出有权得到（某物）　lay claim to sth
　I took the watch I found to the police station but nobody has put in a claim for it.　我已把拾到的手表送到警察局去，但是还没有人去认领。
 ♣ set up a claim to　
　提出…的要求　ask for sth
　He set up a claim to the throne.　他自称是合法的国王。

　［同义词］ v. affirm, ask, request n. affirmation, right
　［词源］古法语claimer（要求）