1. U 力；力量；力气　 natural or bodily power; active strength
2. U 武力；暴力　 fierce or uncontrolled use of strength; violence
3. C 影响力；效力　 a person, thing, belief, action, etc., that has strong enough influence to cause widespread changes in a way of living, or that has uncontrollable power over living things
4. P 一群人；部队；兵力　 a group of people brought together or trained for some kind of action, especially military action

　break the ～　减弱势力
　come into ～　开始生效，开始实行
　cut the ～s　裁减军队
　develop a ～　发展势力
　enter into ～　开始生效，开始实行
　gain ～　增加力量
　gather ～　增加力量
　give ～ to　使…更有力
　go into ～　（法律等）生效
　go out of ～　（法律等）废止
　join a ～　参军，入伍
　meet ～ with ～　以牙还牙
　put into ～　实施
　remain in ～　依然有效
　use ～　使用武力
　armed ～s　武装力量，武装部队
　brutal ～　暴力
　crushing ～　破竹之势，势如破竹
　great ～　强大的力量
　legal～　法律效力
　mental ～　精神力量
　natural ～　自然的力量
　political ～　政治力量
　powerful ～　强大的势力
　rival ～　竞争力，对手
　social ～s　各种社会势力
　strong ～　强大的力量
　air ～　空军
　labour ～　劳动力
　police ～　警察部队
　by ～ of habit　由于习惯
　do sth by ～　用暴力（或强迫手段）做某事
　throw with great ～　用力扔
　write with ～　写得生动有力

　He didn't use much force.　他没有用什么力气。
　She lacks force.　她没有气力。
　Push with as much force as you can.　你用足力气推。
　He was killed by the force of the blow.　他被猛力一击，打死了。
　The police had to use force to hold back the crowd.　警察不得不使用武力拦住人群。
　We have renounced the use of force to settle our disputes.　我们已再次宣布放弃使用武力来解决争端。
　The force of the explosion broke off all the windows.　爆炸力量把窗子全震碎了。
　The force of the wind closed the door.　风的力量将门关上了。
　The force of Gravity makes things fall to earth.　地球引力使物体落到地面上。
　The force acting on the particle is constant.　作用于粒子的力是恒力。
　The force of an earthquake can be measured quite accurately.　地震的力度可以十分精确地测量出来。
　Modern wars let loose terrible force of destruction.　现代战争能产生巨大的破坏力。
　Man is doomed to struggle against the brute force of nature.　人注定要跟残酷的自然力作斗争。
　He overcame his bad habits by sheer force of will.　他全凭意志力克服他的恶习。
　This aroused creative forces in the popular masses.　这激发了广大群众的创造力。
　The Chinese ideographs are a unifying force in China.　汉字在中国是一种起统一作用的力量。
　The force of public opinion is important.　舆论的力量是很重要的。
　The Left and the Right have always been the principal political forces.　左派和右派一直是主要的政治力量。
　The forces of evil attack us on all sides.　恶势力从四面八方向我们进攻。
　Nationalism was rapidly becoming a dangerous force.　民族主义迅速变为一股危险的势力。
　The mother was very neat; her daughter learnt to be neat by force of example.　妈妈很爱整洁，由于榜样的力量，她的女儿也学会爱整洁。
　That boy has been a great force for good in the school.　那男孩一直是学校里引导大家积极向上的一个人物。
　She was a powerful force in the woman's movement.　她对妇女运动有很大的影响力。
　There is force in what he said.　他的话有说服力。
　Your argument has great force.　你的论据有很强的说服力。
　The force of his argument was so great that many people accepted his beliefs as truth.　他的论点说服力很大，很多人都把他的信仰当真理来接受。
　Decisions of the Congress have force of law.　国会的决议具有法律效力。
　The force of some laws has to be tested in court.　有些法律的效力必须在法庭上接受检验。
　A poet must carefully weigh the force of each word he uses.　诗人必须仔细斟酌所用的每个词的确切意义。
　It isn't always possible, when translating a poem, to keep the complete force of the language in which it was written.　译诗时通常不太可能保持原诗的精义。
　The commander concentrated powerful forces on the left flank.　司令员把强大兵力集中在左翼。
　The navy is one of the armed forces.　海军是武装部队之一。
　General Washington led his forces across the Hudson River.　华盛顿总司令率领部队渡过了哈得逊河。
　The Great Britain was a nation having strong air and sea forces.　英国曾是一个拥有强大空军和海军的国家。
　Enemy forces has now built up to a dangerous strength.　敌人的兵力目前已经发展到危险的程度。
　Eighty per cent of the labour force are in work. 80%　的劳动力有工作。
　The wind might whip up to Force 10 strength.　大风可能增强到10级。
　We were frightened by the force 12 typhoon yesterday.　昨天12级的台风可把我们吓坏了。

 ♣ by force
　靠武力，强行　by violence
　Their money was taken from them by force.　他们的钱被人家用武力抢走了。
　He took it by force.　他用武力将它拿走了。
　He obtained her consent by force.　他靠强迫手段取得了她的同意。
　You can't obtain my consent by force.　你不能强迫我同意。
　You cannot make others believe in you by force.　你不能强迫别人信任你。
　The police took him to the station by force.　警察强行把他带到警察局。
　They took the woman away by force.　他们强行把那位妇女带走了。
　Hitler's aim was to impose his ideology by force.　希特勒的目的是用武力把他的思想意识强加于人。
 ♣ come into force
　开始生效　take effect
　The new tariff came into force with the New Year.　新关税从新年开始生效了。
　The new law comes into force from the day of its promulgation.　新法律自公布之日生效。
　Those regulations will come into force next week.　那些规章将于下周开始生效。
 ♣ driving force
　推动力，驱动力　sb/sth whose influence stimulates others to act
　This can become a driving force for social advance.　这能成为推动社会前进的动力。
　My father used to try to get me to study harder but the real driving force was my mother.　我父亲过去要我学习努力些，可真正的推动力还是来自于我的母亲。
 ♣ force of habit
　习惯势力　habitual force
　He spoke from force of habit.　他习惯自然地侃侃而谈。
　I did it from force of habit.　我出于习惯干了那件事。
　You don't really need three spoonfuls of sugar in your tea; it's just force of habit.　你的茶里实在不需要放3汤匙糖，不过那只是一种习惯而已。
 ♣ in force
1. 生效的，有效的 effective or in operation
　The rule is no longer in force.　这规则已不再有效了。
　The treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years.　该条约的有效期为10年。
　The law is still in force.　这法令现在仍在施行。
　Is that very old law still in force?　那个古老的法律仍然有效吗?
2. 大批地，大规模地 (of people) in large numbers
　The enemy is in force behind the hill.　敌人在山后集结了大量兵力。
　Trouble was expected at the football match, so the police had to turn out in force.　预计足球赛会出事，所以警察不得不大批出动。
 ♣ join forces
　（同…)联合　combine with others for a common purpose
　We're joining forces with some friends to hire a hall for a party.　我们正同一些朋友联合包租一个大厅举行聚会。
　Let us join forces to fight them.　让我们联合起来跟他们斗。
　The two countries joined forces to fight their common enemy.　那两个国家联合起来与共同的敌人作战。
　If our two companies were to join forces we could undercut all our competitors.　如果我们两家公司联合起来的话，我们可以削价同我们所有的竞争对手抢生意。
 ♣ join the forces
　参军　enlist in military service
　He joined the forces last year.　他于去年参加了部队。
　He joined the air forces three years ago.　他三年前参加了空军。
　She joined the police forces.　她当上了警察。
　Martin isn't sure what he'll do when he leaves school, but he's thinking of joining the forces.　马丁不知道离开学校后将干什么，不过他想参军。
 ♣ put into force
　生效，开始执行　become effective or come into operation
　Those regulations will be put into force next week.　那些规定下星期开始生效。
　The new regulation will be introduced and put into force next month.　下月将采用和实施新的规章制度。
　It is easier to pass laws than to put them into force.　通过法律容易，实施法律难。
 ♣ use brute force
　使用蛮力　try to do sth merely by using force
　There's no point in using brute force on a nut that has jammed—you're likely to shear off the bolt.　不要对轧住了的螺母太用力——你会把螺栓切断的。

 ♣ by force, by force of
　两者含义不同：by force意为“靠武力，强行”，而by force of的意思是“借…之力，依据，由于，通过”。例如：
　They occupied by force the whole territory of the country.　他们用武力侵占了该国的全部国土。
　By sheer force of will, he fought the urge to interrupt the speaker.　他完全凭意志力来控制自己想打断演讲人讲话的冲动。
 ♣ forces, army, military, troops
　参见army条。
 ♣ force, energy, might, power, strength, vigour
　参见energy条。

1. 这些规定仍然生效。
　［误］ These rules are still with force.
　［正］ These rules are still in force.
　［析］ “有效”“有作用”可说be in force, in不能改成with.
2. 新宪法于1867年7月1日生效。
　［误］ The new constitution put into force on July 1, 1867.
　［正］ The new constitution was put into force on July 1, 1867.
　［析］ put into force作“使生效”解时，应以人作主语。如果物作主语，则使用被动结构。
3. 那个贼使用暴力把那个老人的钱抢走了。
　［误］ The thief took the money from the old man with force.
　［正］ The thief took the money from the old man by force.
　［析］ “强行，强迫，凭借暴力”，应该说by force，而不是 with force.
4. 我们班与他们班联合举办一个舞会。
　［误］ Our class joined force with their class to hold a dancing party.
　［正］ Our class joined forces with their class to hold a dancing party.
　［析］ “与…联合”，可说join forces with...，其中force必须用复数形式。
5. 那一拳之力把他打得晕头转向。
　［误］ The forces of the blow sent him reeling.
　［正］ The force of the blow sent him reeling.
　［析］ “力量”是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
6. 武装部队被召来镇压暴动。
　［误］ The armed force was called in to suppress the riot.
　［正］ The armed forces were called in to suppress the riot.
　［析］ force表示“军队，部队”时通常用复数形式。
7. 鲍勃正在美国空军服役。
　［误］ Bob is serving in the U.S. Air Army.
　［正］ Bob is serving in the U.S. Air Force.
　［析］ 在英文里，陆、海、空三军分别为：the Army, the Navy, the Air Force，所以误句中的Army应改为Force.

　force　在英国方言中可作“瀑布”解。

1. vt.强制，迫使，逼迫　 make (an unwilling person) doing sth; drive
2. vt.施强力于；强行促成　 use physical force on
3. vt.强作，勉强作出　 produce by unwilling effort; produce with difficulty or against nature
4. vt.促成早熟，促成生长　 hasten the growth of (a plant) by the use of heat

　～ a confession　逼供
　～ a door open　把门砸开
　～ an entry　强行进入
　～ northward　向北挺进
　～ dramatically　出人意料地强行推开
　～ financially　经济上迫使
　～ gradually　逐渐地打破
　～ back　迫使后退
　～ down　迫使下降，压价
　～ one's horse on　策马前进
　～ out　挤垮
　～ sth through　强行通过
　～ up　迫使上升
　～ sth down a narrow hole　用力把某物从狭窄的孔眼里塞下去
　～ sth from sb　迫使某人豁出…
　～ tears from sb's eyes　使某人流泪
　～ sb into doing sth　迫使某人做某事
　～ one's way into the room　挤进房间
　～ sb off the road　迫使某人离开那条道路
　～ one's opinion on sb　把自己的观点强加于某人
　～ sb out of office　逼迫某人辞职
　～ one's way through the crowd　挤过人群
　～ sth upon sb　迫使某人接受某物

　They forced the signing of the Treaty of Wangxia in July 1844.　在1844年7月，他们强迫签署了《望厦条约》。
　The thieves forced the lock of the safe.　强盗们用暴力把保险箱的锁撬开。
　He found the thieves were forcing the lock of the jewel case.　他发现窃贼在撬珠宝盒上的锁。
　They forced the Yellow River and thrust into the Dabie Mountains.　他们强渡黄河，强行推进大别山。
　Our troops forced the enemy positions last night.　我们部队昨天晚上攻克了敌人阵地。
　He forced his voice.　他提高了嗓门。
　The singer had to force her top tones.　那位歌手必须用力唱出最高音。
　Though he was very angry, he forced a smile.　尽管他很生气，但还强装笑脸。
　The singer's voice wasn't deep enough for the song; he had to force several low notes.　这位歌手的嗓音唱这支歌不够深沉，他只得硬憋出几个低音。
　The safe was forced by the burglars.　保险柜被窃贼强行打开。
　These plants have been forced so that they may be in flower by Christmas.　这些植物已经过人工促长，到圣诞节就可能开花了。
　Love cannot be forced.　爱情是不能强求的。
　She forced herself awake.　她迫使自己不睡。
　Thieves shinned up a drainpipe and forced open the window.　窃贼沿一根水管爬上去撬开窗户。
　They forced open the door.　他们破门而入。
　The window was forced open.　窗子被强行打开了。
　The money box was forced open.　钱箱被强行打开。
　They forced the prime minister to resign.　他们迫使首相辞职。
　The soldiers forced the prisoners to give up their arms.　士兵迫使俘虏放下武器。
　I forced him to do it.　我强迫他干的。
　They forced the enemy to fall back.　他们迫使敌人退却。
　He forced me to give him the money.　他强迫我把钱给他。
　Nobody could force him to do what he thought was wrong.　谁也不能强迫他做他认为是错误的事。
　She forced herself not to give way to her emotion.　她竭力克制住自己的感情。
　But if circumstances force us to fight, we can fight to the finish.　但是如果形势迫使我们不得不打的话，我们是能够一直打到底的。
　Don't force yourself to write when you have nothing to say.　写不出来时就不要硬写。
　He forced himself to take a long nap.　他强迫自己睡了一个长时间的午觉。
　Bad weather forced us to postpone our journey.　恶劣的天气迫使我们将行期推迟。
　Weekend gales forced him to change his plans.　周末的大风迫使他改变计划。
　His arguments forced them to admit he was right.　他的论据迫使他们承认他是对的。
　She was forced to stop her speech.　她被迫中止了讲演。
　We were forced to think of another method.　我们不得不另想办法。
　The poor peasant was forced to sell his daughter to the landlord.　那个贫苦的农民被迫把自己的女儿卖给地主。
　The enemy had been forced to accept their terms.　敌人被迫接受了他们的条件。
　Once more the enemy was forced to lie low in the snow.　敌人又一次被迫伏在雪地上。
　The prisoners were forced to work all day.　囚犯们被迫整天劳动。
　They were forced to yield.　他们被迫屈服了。
　He waited silently, and so I was forced to go on.　他一声不响地等着，结果我不得不往下说。
　They were forced to leave the town.　他们被迫离开该镇。
　The officer was forced to give orders to open fire at the crowd.　军官被迫命令向群众开火。
　He drew on me, and I was forced to defend myself.　他向我逼近，我被迫自卫。
　Faced with the evidence, the criminal was driven into a corner and forced to confess.　在证据面前，罪犯无法抵赖，只得认罪。
　The army laid siege to the town until the hungry citizen were forced to yield.　军队围困着该城镇，直到饥饿的市民屈服为止。
　In inky darkness, the men made a forced march of 140 li.　在漆黑的夜晚，战士们强行走了140里。
　A forced kindness deserves no thanks.　勉强作出的好事不值得感谢。
　The Red Army then made a forced crossing of the Dadu River.　这时红军强渡了大渡河。
　They made a forced landing near a small village.　他们在一个小村子附近做了强行着陆。
　His laughter sounded forced.　他的笑声听起来很不自然。

 ♣ force along　(v.+adv.)
　驱进；力推；逼迫　push forward
　I was forced along, against my wish, by the crowd behind me.　我不由自主被后面的人群推涌而前。
 ♣ force back　(v.+adv.)
　抑制，强忍　restrain sth
　He forced back the strong urge to stroke her.　他抑制住自己想要抚摩她的强烈冲动。
 ♣ force down¹　(v.+adv.)
　用力推下　push sth forcefully down
　After being ill I didn't feel like eating but I managed to force something down.　我病后不想吃东西，不过还是勉强咽了一点。
 ♣ force down²　(v.+prep.)
　用力推下　push sth forcefully down
　We had to force the pipe down a narrow hole to get it through.　我们必须把这根管子从那个狭窄的洞中捅下去。
 ♣ force from　(v.+prep.)
　从…强取（某物）　get (sth) from (an unwilling person)
　They forced a confession from him.　他们逼他招供。
　She pretended that she could not hear so that they would not force an answer from her.　她假装听不见，这样他们就不会强迫她回答了。
　The police tried to force the truth from the suspect.　警察试图迫使嫌疑犯说出真相。
 ♣ force into　(v.+prep.)
1. 用力把（某物）塞进〔插进〕… push (sth) with effort into (sth)
　I can't force the key into this lock; it won't fit.　我不能把钥匙插进锁里，这把钥匙开不了这把锁。
　It's foolish to force your feet into a pair of shoes that are too small for you.　硬要把脚穿进太小的鞋里去是愚蠢的。
　This water is forced into the boiler by the feed pump.　用水泵将水压入锅炉。
2. 强迫（某人）做（某事） push sb by force into sth
　They forced him into a small boat.　他们逼着他坐上一条小船。
　He forced me into bribery.　他迫使我行贿。
　You will never force him into obedience.　你永远不能迫使他服从。
　They forced thousands of peasants into their reactionary armies.　他们迫使成千上万的农民参加他们的反动军队。
　They forced David into a small room.　他们把戴维逼进一个小房间。
　This forced the British fighter planes into the air.　这样一来，英国战斗机被迫起飞。
　They forced him into signing the paper.　他们强迫他在文件上签字。
　Circumstances forced him into stealing.　环境迫使他偷窃。
　Their poverty forced their children into stealing.　贫困逼迫他们的孩子去行窃。
　They forced the enemy into surrendering.　他们迫使敌人投降了。
　They were forced into the battle at a place picked by our army.　他们被迫在我军选定的地方作战。
　To save his honour, he had been forced into a purchase which he could not possibly afford.　为了保住面子，他被迫买下了他不可能买得起的东西。
　He was forced into crime by circumstances.　他为环境所迫而犯罪。
　The people of that country can never be forced into submission by the invaders.　那个国家的人民决不会被迫向侵略者屈服。
　He was forced into accepting the task.　他被迫接受这项任务。
　She was forced into leaving the country.　她被迫离开那个国家。
 ♣ force off　(v.+prep.)
　迫使…离开　make (sb) leave (sth)
　They forced her off her homeland many years ago.　许多年前他们迫使她离开了她的家乡。
　We were forced off the road.　我们被挤下公路。
 ♣ force on〔onto, upon〕　(v.+prep.)
　把…强加于…　push sth unwanted by force on sb
　Parents are liable to force their ideas on their children.　父母容易把他们的意见强加给子女。
　I tried to force my suggestion on them.　我试图让他们接受我的建议。
　The teacher has no right to force his own views onto the children.　老师没有权利把自己的观点强加给孩子们。
　The imperialists forced a series of unequal treaties upon China.　帝国主义强加给中国一系列不平等条约。
　He didn't want to be paid, but we forced the money on him because we knew he needed it.　他不要我们付钱，但我们还是硬塞给他，因为我们知道他需要钱。
　They didn't want the war. It was forced on them.　他们不要战争，那是强加于他们的。
　The idea was forced upon us.　那个意见是硬加在我们头上的。
 ♣ force out　(v.+adv.)
　把…赶走，挤掉；迫使…离开，屈服　make (sb) leave, yield, etc.
　Competition has forced out many small firms.　竞争挤垮了许多小公司。
 ♣ force out of　(v.+adv.+prep.)
1. 从…赶出；迫使…离开 make (sb) leave
　The owner forced the poor family out of the house when they could not pay the rent.　当那个穷户付不起房租时，房主便把他们赶出房门。
　Setbacks can be a good thing, forcing you out of your complacency.　挫折或许是件好事，迫使你克服自满情绪。
　Jim himself was forced out of office on June 29th.　吉姆本人于6月29日被迫离职。
　He was forced out of his chairmanship.　他被迫辞去他的主席职务。
2. 从…强取（某物） get (sth) from (an unwilling person)
　We can force concessions out of him.　我们可以迫使他让步。
　They forced a confession out of him.　他们迫使他招供。
 ♣ force through　(v.+prep.)
　强行通过　make sth pass by force
　The rider forced his horse on through the storm.　骑手在暴风雨中策马前进。
　The government forced the bill through parliament against fierce opposition.　政府不顾激烈的反对，强行在议会上通过了这项议案。
 ♣ force up　(v.+adv.)
　迫使提高　make sth rise
　An inflation forces up the cost of living.　通货膨胀迫使生活费用飞涨。
　This forced the cost of living up considerably.　这使生活费用大大上升。
　Prices have been forced up by poor crop.　歉收使物价上涨。

 ♣ force, have to
　两者都可表示“不得不”。其区别在于：force指主观强迫，包括使用武力迫使某人做某事；而have to强调由于客观的原因而必须做某事。例如：
　I have lost my key, so I'll have to force an entry.　我丢了钥匙，所以只好破门而入了。
 ♣ force, make
　这两个词的共同意思是“迫使”。其区别在于：force所含“暴力威胁”的意味较强；make所含“暴力威胁”的意味较弱。另外， force若跟复合宾语，须接带to的动词不定式；make若跟复合宾语，须接不带to的动词不定式。例如：

 ♣ force, compel, constrain, oblige
　这组词的共同意思是“强迫”，都常用于被动结构。其区别在于：
1. compel指使用权力或各种手段迫使对方去做某事或处于某种状态；force主要指用武力或强制的办法去完成某事；constrain指由于受外界压力或环境的影响，迫使某人做某事，也可指受良心、情感或饥饿等方面的内在力量驱使去做某事；oblige则往往是由于客观原因促使某人做某事。例如：
　When he was a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.　早在青年时代，因为政治原因他被迫离开自己的祖国。
　You cannot compel good work from unwilling students.　你不能迫使不肯学习的学生学习好。
　Cold weather constrained the plant's growth.　寒冷的天气抑制了植物的生长。
　I should be obliged if you wouldn't say so.　你如果不这样说，我就感谢你了。
2. compel和force的主语既可以是人，也可以是物；oblige则一般以人作主语。例如：
　When confronted by such clear evidence, the Senator was forced to eat his words in public.　面对如此明白的证据，参议员只得当众收回前言。
　Energy crisis compels fuel conservation.　能源危机使人们必须节约燃料。
　The police obliged him to leave.　警方要他离开。
3. 在语气上， compel和oblige较弱；而force暴力威胁的含义较强。例如：
　He was compelled to do it against his will.　他不得不违心地做这件事。
　The school regulations oblige us to be present at school on time.　校规要求我们必须按时到校。
　The enemy was forced to get back under our massive blows.　在我方的沉重打击下，敌军被迫后退。
 ♣ 下面两个句子的意思相同：

　只是后者更强烈地表达了“强逼”这一概念。

　那时老板强迫他一天工作十个小时。
　［误］ The boss forced him work 10 hours a day at that time.
　［正］ The boss forced him to work 10 hours a day at that time.
　家长们不要强迫子女听从自己的建议。
　［误］ Parents shouldn't force their children take their advice.
　［正］ Parents shouldn't force their children to take their advice.
　［析］ “强迫某人做某事”可说force sb to do sth，用作宾语补足语的动词不定式须带to.

　［同义词］ n. bite, drive, effect, energy, might, power, pressure, strength, army, corps, detail, troop, unit v. compel, drag, drive, exact, impel, impose, make, oblige, press, push, wrest
　［词源］　民间拉丁语fortia<拉丁语fortis（力，强力）