1. S 地面　 solid surface of the earth
2. U 泥土，土地　 soil; earth
3. C 场地　 piece of land used for a particular purpose
4. C 地域，水域　 large area of land or sea used for the stated purpose
5. C 建筑物四周的土地或花园；庭园　 land or gardens round a building, often enclosed with walls, hedges or fences
6. C 理由　 reason

　afford ～　提供证据
　break ～　破土动工，创办
　buy up ～　买下地皮
　clean the ～　打扫场地
　clear ～　清理土地
　fall to ～　掉到地上
　lay out the ～s　设计庭园
　leave the ～　离开陆地
　level the ～　平整地面
　own ～　拥有土地
　plough the ～　犁地
　show ～　参观庭园
　take the ～　搁浅，登滩
　touch ～　触到水底
　actual ～　现场
　broken ～　新开垦的土地，凹凸不平之地
　classic ～　文艺胜地
　common ～　共同点，一致点
　damp ～　湿地
　equal ～(s)　同等条件
　firm ～　牢固的基础
　fresh ～　处女地，新天地
　good ～　充分的理由
　high ～　高地，地势高
　historical ～　历史根据，历史的原因
　middle ～　中间的场地
　new ～　处女地，新天地，新的领域
　same ～　同样的理由
　smooth ～　平坦的地面
　soft ～　基础不牢
　solid ～　牢固的基础
　sound ～s　可靠的根据
　strong ～(s)　强硬立场，强有力的根据
　white ～　白底
　battle ～　战场
　parade ～s　阅兵场
　parking ～s　停车场
　tennis ～　网球场
　aviation ～　飞机场
　base ～　基本根据，基点，基础
　coffee ～s　咖啡渣
　college ～s　校园
　exercise ～　操场，练习场地，运动场
　fishing ～　渔场
　football ～　足球场
　grazing ～s　牧场
　holiday ～　游览地
　proving ～　射击场，武器试验场
　rising ～　高台
　school ～　学校校园，学校运动场
　sports ～　运动场
　training ～　训练场
　～ control　地面控制
　～ cover　地被，地被物
　～ floor　底楼
　～ plan　平面图
　～ speed　（飞机的）对地速度
　above (the) ～　活着
　below ～　死了，埋葬了
　from the ～ up　从头开始，彻底
　a piece of ～　一块地
　have one's feet on the ～　脚踏实地，现实
　on a white ～　白底
　on firm ～　处于安全地位
　on one's own ～　在自己熟悉的领域里，主场
　on the ～　在地上，当场，在基础上
　on the ～ of　以…为理由，以…为借口，以…为基础
　on the ～ of failing health　由于健康不佳
　～s of the university　大学的校园

　He slipped off the ladder and fell to the ground.　他从梯子上滑下来摔在地上。
　The bird fell to the ground.　鸟落到地上。
　The branch broke and fell to the ground.　树枝断了，落到了地上。
　The dead man was lying flat on the ground.　死者直挺挺地躺在地上。
　The aircraft hadn't enough power to get off the ground.　那架飞机的升空动力不足。
　The ground is dry.　地是干的。
　In winter the ground is too hard to dig.　在冬季，地硬得挖不动。
　The builders broke ground for a new shopping centre.　建筑工人们动工建筑一座新的购物中心。
　They own all the ground in front of you as far as the next hill.　你面前一直到前面那座山之间的所有土地都归他们所有。
　This is one of the world's best fishing grounds.　这是世界上最好的渔场之一。
　The cheers of the fans echoed round the ground as the team appeared.　球队刚一上场，球迷们的欢呼声立即响遍全场。
　They entered the grounds ahead of us.　他们在我们前面走进了院子。
　Now that you've seen the house, I'll show you the grounds.　屋子你已看过了，我领你参观一下庭园。
　The house has large and pleasant grounds.　这座房屋的庭园宽敞宜人。
　The grounds around his house are beautiful.　他房子周围的庭园很美。
　They managed to cover quite a lot of ground in a short programme.　他们设法在一个短小的节目中包罗了多方面的内容。
　This graduate course covers the same ground as the undergraduate degree course in Educational Administration.　这门研究生课程与教育管理学的本科学位课程内容相同。
　It was absurd to try to cover so much ground in such a short lecture.　在这么短的一次演讲中，想要涉及如此广泛的知识领域是不明智的。
　You're on dangerous ground when you criticize his daughter.　你批评他女儿就要惹出是非了。
　The curtains have white flowers on a blue ground.　窗帘是蓝底白花的。
　The ship touched ground a few yards from the shore.　船在距海岸几码处搁浅了。
　Their ship touched the ground.　他们的船搁浅了。
　Throw out the coffee grounds.　把咖啡渣滓倒掉。
　They had no ground to arrest him.　他们没有理由逮捕他。
　We had sufficient grounds to sue.　我们有充足的理由提起诉讼。
　Her claim was disallowed on the grounds that she had not paid her premium.　她要求赔款遭到拒绝，原因是她事先没有交纳保险费。
　You have no grounds for complaint.　你没有抱怨的理由。
　If you continue to behave like this you will give them grounds for dismissing you.　你照这样下去就让他们找到辞退你的理由了。
　The grounds for his action was never clearly stated.　他从未清楚地说明过采取这一行动的根据。
　There is no grounds for anxiety.　没有理由值得焦虑。
　Desertion is a ground for divorce.　被配偶遗弃是离婚的充分理由。
　I had to retire on medical grounds of ill health.　我因健康状况不得以才退休了。
　On what grounds do you make that accusation?　你根据什么提出那项指控。
　They don't give me much ground for complaint.　他们使我感到没什么可抱怨的。

 ♣ below ground
　地面之下，在地下　beneath the surface of the earth
　Their missile silos are below ground.　他们的导弹发射井在地下。
 ♣ break fresh ground
　开辟新天地，开始新的事业　introduce or discover a new method, system, etc.; innovate
　This physics book breaks fresh ground.　这本物理学著作探讨了新的课题。
 ♣ cover ground
　行过一段距离，完成一定量的工作　walk a long distance; finish a lot of work
　Did you cover much ground on the hike?　你们徒步行走了很多路吗?
　We've covered a lot of ground at this morning's meeting.　在今天上午的会上我们讨论了很多问题。
 ♣ cut the ground from under
　先发制人地破坏某人的计划，拆某人的台　spoil sb's plan, argument, defence, etc. by anticipating it
　We mustn't allow these people to cut the ground from under us while we sit looking on.　我们绝不能坐视这些人拆我们的台。
　I was about to raise my offer for the farm when a neighbour cut the ground from under my feet by offering a sum that I couldn't possibly match.　我正要出价买下那农场时，我旁边的一个人报出了一个我绝对无法竞争的价钱，破坏了我的计划。
 ♣ from the ground up
1. 从头开始 start from the beginning
　He came to work for Uncle Julian and learn the business from the ground up.　他来替朱利安伯伯干活，从头学习做生意。
2. 完全地，彻底地 completely
　He changed everything from the ground up.　他使一切彻底改观了。
 ♣ gain ground
1. 前进，有进展，越来越为人们所接受 forward; be accepted by people little by little
　The movement rapidly gained ground.　运动进展很快。
　The People's Party is gaining ground in this country.　人民党在这个国家正壮大起来。
　The sick man gained ground after being near death.　那病人在生命垂危之后又有所好转。
　He has had a hard time in his new business but he is gaining ground now.　他起初干这一行时吃了一些苦头，现在有进展了。
　The idea of equal pay for women is gaining ground.　男女同工同酬的思想正日益被人们所接受。
　Acupuncture anesthesia is rapidly gaining ground in surgical operations.　针刺麻醉在外科手术上正在得到广泛应用。
2. 占优势 gain the advantage
　Godley's views are gaining political ground.　戈德利的观点正在取得政治上的优势。
　This big contract will help us to gain ground on our competitors.　这个重要的合同将会有助于我们在对付竞争对手时取得优势。
　The soldiers fought hard and began to gain ground.　士兵们奋勇作战，开始占领敌军阵地。
3. 逼近 get gradually closer to sb/sth going in the same direction as oneself
　The police car was gaining ground on the robbers.　警车正在逼近抢劫犯。
　A glance behind confirmed his fears. His pursuer was gaining ground on him rapidly.　往后看使他越发害怕，追他的人很快就要赶上来了。
 ♣ get off the ground
1. 起飞 take off
　The aircraft hadn't enough power to get off the ground.　那架飞机的动力不够，无法起飞。
　How does such a heavy plane get off the ground?　这样一架重型飞机怎样起飞?
2. 顺利开始 make a successful start
　Lack of money meant the plan didn't even get off the ground.　缺乏资金意味着我们甚至无法开始实施计划。
 ♣ give ground
　退却，让步　retreat
　The army was forced to give ground when the enemy started its new offensive.　当敌人发动新的攻势时，部队被迫撤退。
　If we cancel this autumn's big publicity drive, it'll give ground to our main competitors.　如果我们取消今年秋季的大型推广运动，这就如同向我们的主要对手让步。
 ♣ go to ground
　潜伏，躲藏　at somewhere that people couldn't find
　The criminals went to ground in a deserted old farm house.　罪犯们逃到一间废弃的破旧农舍中躲藏起来。
　The criminals have gone to ground somewhere, waiting until it is safe to complete their escape.　罪犯在某处藏身，等安全时才逃走。
 ♣ hold one's ground
　坚守阵地；坚持立场　not go away; keep one's idea
　Although many were killed, the soldiers held their ground.　虽然很多人阵亡了，士兵们仍然坚守阵地。
　Albert managed to hold his ground in that field.　艾伯特力图在那个领域站稳脚跟。
　We hold our ground that the struggle for disarmament must be combined with fight against hegemonism.　我们坚持原来的主张，那就是裁军的斗争必须同反霸斗争结合起来。
　The workers held their ground in the long strike, and finally wages were raised.　工人们在漫长的罢工中坚持不让步，最后终于增加了工资。
　He could not hold his ground in the face of relentless opposition.　在遭到激烈反对的情况下，他无法再坚持自己的立场。
 ♣ lose ground
　败退，退却，失去地盘，失利　retreat
　The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.　煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
　The general sent in reinforcements when he saw that his troops were losing ground.　将军看到自己的军队退却，便派出增援部队。
　Our opponents have lost ground on this point in debate.　对方在这个论点上站不住脚。
　Superstition and illiteracy are losing ground as people become more educated.　由于人们受的教育更多了，迷信和文盲便逐渐减少。
 ♣ on (the) ground〔grounds〕 of
　根据…，以…为理由　depend upon sth
　He was always declining their invitations on ground of ill health.　他总是以身体不好为理由而谢绝他们的邀请。
　Mrs. Snavely got a divorce on the grounds of desertion.　史内夫利太太以被遗弃为由而获准离婚。
 ♣ prepare the ground
　使…能够或容易发展　make the development of sth possible or easier
　Early experiments with military rockets prepared the ground for space travel.　早期军用火箭的试验为太空旅行奠定了基础。
 ♣ run into the ground
　把…搞得精疲力竭　wear sb/sth out completely; exhaust sb/sth
　By working 13 hours a day she is running herself into the ground.　她一天工作13个小时，把自己搞得精疲力竭。
 ♣ shift one's ground
　改变立场　change the basis of one's argument, claim, etc.
　It's impossible to prove him wrong because he keeps shifting his ground.　要证明他错是不可能的，因为他不断地改变立场。
　It's difficult to argue with her— she's constantly shifting her ground.　很难与她辩论，她总是变换论点。
　Just when I thought I had won the argument she shifted her ground and put forward a whole new set of objections.　正当我觉得已经赢得这场辩论的时候，她改弦易辙，提出了一连串新的反对意见。
 ♣ suit down to the ground
　完全适合　completely, utterly
　Mary's new job suits her down to the ground.　玛丽的新工作正合她的心意。
 ♣ to the ground
　夷为平地　destroying completely
　Many villages were razed to the ground.　许多村子被夷为平地。

 ♣ grounds, cause, excuse, reason
　参见cause条。
 ♣ ground, earth, land, soil
　参见earth条。
 ♣ ground, floor
　参见floor条。
 ♣ 下面三个短语都是“以…为理由”的意思：

1. vt. & vi.搁浅；停飞　 touch the sea bottoms; (of aircraft, airmen) compel to stay on the ground
2. vt.使接地　 earth
3. vt.将…放在地上　 lay on the ground

　～ arms　放下武器
　～ boat　搁浅船只
　～ the airliners　班机停飞
　～ the opponent　打倒对手
　～ for　因…被搁浅
　～ in　搁浅在…中，在…方面加强训练
　～ on　以…为基础

　The ship has grounded.　这船已搁浅了。
　All the planes today have grounded.　今天所有的飞机都停飞了。
　The fog grounded the airliners.　大雾迫使班机停飞。
　He grounded a boat.　他把船停在一个地方。
　The enemy grounded arms.　敌人放下武器投降了。
　He was a pilot in the air force but was grounded because of an eye injury.　他原是空军的一名飞行员，但因眼睛受伤而被迫停飞了。
　Our ship was grounded in shallow water.　我们的船在浅水中搁浅了。
　The boxer was grounded by his opponent.　那个拳击手被对手打倒在地。
　The theory is ill grounded.　这学说的基础不稳固。

 ♣ ground in　(v.+prep.)
　训练…，打好…的基础　give the basic exercise; be well trained in
　The teacher grounded his pupils in English.　老师使学生们在英语方面打下良好的基础。
　He grounded himself thoroughly in mathematics.　他在数学方面接受过全面的基础训练。
　The class is well grounded in grammar.　这个班的学生语法基础好。
　Every educated man of the 19th century was well grounded in Latin and Greek. 　19世纪凡是受过教育的人在拉丁语和希腊语方面都有很好的基础。
　I don't know how well this young lawyer performs in court, but at least he's well grounded in the principles of such cases.　我不知道这位年轻的律师在法庭上的表现如何，不过，他起码精通处理这类案件的原则。
 ♣ ground on　(v.+prep.)
1. 根据…作出结论，以…为基础 base sth on sth
　He grounded his arguments on experiences.　他根据经验立论。
　Always ground your opinion on fact.　要永远根据事实而立论。
　I grounded my opinion on facts.　我的观点是基于事实的。
　Our development plans are grounded on the result of our market research.　我们的开发计划是以对市场的研究结果为依据的。
　Your fears were grounded on nothing but superstition.　你的恐惧只不过是以迷信为依据。
　His argument is grounded on a series of wrong assumptions.　他的论点是以一系列的错误假设为依据的。
　Your accusation must be grounded on facts.　你的指责必须以事实为依据。
　The insurance is grounded on trust.　保险业立足于信用。
2. 搁浅在… stop the ship at somewhere
　A storm grounded the ship on a sandbar.　一场风暴使船搁浅在沙洲上。

　［同义词］ n. earth, land, soil, basis, reasons
　［词源］　古英语grund（底地，地面）