1. vt. & vi.知道，懂得　 have sth in one's mind or memory as a result of experience or learning or information
2. vt. & vi.认识，了解，熟悉　 be acquainted with; be familiar with

　～ art　懂艺术
　～ delight　体验喜悦
　～ English　懂英语
　～ grief and happiness　体验欢乐与悲伤
　～ hunger　挨过饿
　～ one's address　知道某人的地址
　～ one's business　精明能干
　～ poverty and sorrow　经历过贫苦和忧伤
　～ the answer　知道答案
　～ the facts　了解事实
　～ best　最了解
　～ long　结识很久
　～ most　最清楚
　～ well　相当了解
　～ absolutely　绝对知道
　～ exactly　确切知道
　～ grimly　可怕地经历
　～ immediately　马上告知
　～ instinctively　了如指掌
　～ intimately　过往甚密
　～ personally　认识其人
　～ positively　确切知道
　～ superficially　略知一二
　～ thoroughly　完全了解
　～ about　知道…
　～ all about Chinese history　精通中国历史
　～ as　作为…认识
　～ by　以…方式熟悉，在…方面了解
　～ sb by name　只知某人的名字
　～ sb by sight　同某人面熟
　～ from　能分辨…
　～ a friend from an enemy　分清敌我
　～ right from wrong　分清是非
　～ of　听说过，知道

　I honestly don't know.　我真的不知道。
　How could I know?　我怎么知道呢?
　Spring had come before I knew.　不知不觉已是春天。
　Who knows, perhaps they don't wish to come.　谁知道，也许他们不愿来呢。
　Don't you know?She has been laid up for the last four days.　你还不知道?她已病倒四天了。
　"The meeting has been put off." "Yes, I know."　“会议延期了。”“ 我知道。”
　This, you know, is what I have in mind.　你知道，这就是我的想法。
　There's no need to break the news gently, I've known for some weeks.　没有必要这么小心翼翼地向我透露这个消息，我已经知道好几个星期了。
　She never got to know any of her neighbours though many years she stayed there.　她虽然在那里住了那么多年，却连一个邻居都不认识。
　He knew all the surrounding fishing grounds like the palm of his hands.　他对周围的渔场全都了如指掌 。
　He knows English and French.　他懂英文和法文。
　Who knows most says least.　懂得最多的人，说得最少。
　To know everything is to know nothing.　样样皆通，样样不通。
　He knew poverty and sorrow in his early days.　他早年饱尝过穷困和忧愁。
　They had never known modern medical care.　过去他们从来没接受过现代化的医疗。
　"He teaches English at a nice school called The Chen Jinglun.""I know it."　“他在一所挺不错的学校教英语，叫陈经伦。”“我知道那所学校。”
　A friend is never known till needed.　患难之时认真友。
　We all don't know how to start the engine.　我们都不知道怎样发动这个引擎。
　Alf doesn't know how to appreciate favours.　阿尔夫不识抬举。
　I really don't know which to choose, because they are both very nice.　我真不知道该选哪一个，因为两个都很漂亮。
　The truly free man is he who knows how to decline a dinner invitation without giving any excuse.　不用什么借口便知道如何谢绝人家邀请吃饭的人，才是一个真正独来独往的人。
　You know where to get in touch with them, don't you?　你知道在哪里和他们联系，是吧?
　They know they are working for themselves.　他们知道他们是为自己工作。
　They knew they could never have what city folks had.　他们意识到他们将永远不会拥有城里人拥有的东西。
　You know that I am not a prejudiced man.　你知道我不是怀有偏见的人。
　He knows that this is quite true.　他意识到这是千真万确的事。
　Do you know where the conference is to be held?　你知道会议在哪里召开吗?
　Do you know who was Napoleon?　你知道拿破仑是谁吗?
　Do you know what I mean?　我的意思你懂吗?
　God knows why they did it.　没人知道他们为什么做那件事。
　I haven't been out anywhere since I don't know how long.　也不知有多久了，我一直哪儿也没去。
　I don't know whether you like flowers.　我不知道你是否喜欢花。
　She wants to know if she is right.　她想知道自己是否正确。
　I know him to be an American.　我知道他是美国人。
　We know him to be honest.　我们知道他很诚实。
　I've never known you so cheerful.　我从来没看见你这样高兴 。
　They never knew him so excited before.　他们从来没看见他这样激动过。
　They knew themselves to be in a difficult position.　他们知道自己的处境很困难。
　You may know this film as Never Give an Inch-its British title.　你或许知道这部电影的英国名字，《决不后退》。
　The actress likes to be known as May Diamond, although it is not her real name.　尽管“五月钻石”不是这个女演员的名字，但她乐意别人这样称呼她。
　The African lion is known as the king of the forest.　非洲狮子被称为森林之王。
　Mr. White is known in the town as a good family doctor.　在该镇，怀特先生被认为是一位很好的家庭医生。
　We've never known him to do anything unjust.　我们从来没有说他做过任何不公正的事情。
　I never knew him to act without thinking.　我从未发现他轻率行事过。
　He was known to have taken part in the Long March.　人们都知道他参加过长征。

 ♣ be known to
1. 为…所熟知 be well known by
　Mrs. Hall is well known to all the family, and I am certain that she will make a good servant in your house.　那家人都很了解霍尔太太的为人，我敢肯定，她在你家一定会成为一个听话的仆人。
　The actor is well known to us.　我们熟知这个演员。
　He is known to everyone in this university.　在这所大学里，人人都知道他。
　This should be made known to the whole country.　要让全国都知道这事。
　It is known to all that theory comes from practice.　理论来自实践，这是尽人皆知的。
2. 名字被记录在案 have one's name recorded by officials
　Your new neighbour is known to the police, so you'd better lock your door.　你那位新邻居在警察局挂了号，你最好把门锁上。
 ♣ know about　(v.+prep.)
　知道，了解　be aware of sb/sth
　I happened to know about him.　我正巧了解一些有关他的情况。
　We know about magnetism by the way magnets act.　我们通过磁铁的作用知道磁性是怎么一回事。
　As for your hope of winning the first prize, I don't know about that.　至于说到你在希望获头奖，对此我没有多大把握。
　Do you know anything about astronomy?　你懂天文学吗?
　He knows some damaging facts about the firm's dealings.　他知道该公司在经营中的一些丑事。
　David certainly knows a thing or two about car engines.　戴维肯定对汽车发动机非常在行。
　I'll let you know all about it later on.　以后，我全让你知道此事。
 ♣ know apart　(v.+adv.)
　能够区别　be able to recognize the difference between two or more things or people
　The two brothers are so much alike that even their own mother hardly knows them apart.　这兄弟俩长得如此相像，甚至他们的母亲也很难识别。
 ♣ know backwards　(v.+adv.)
　熟知；精通　have learned very thoroughly
　Every actor ought to know his lines backwards before he goes on stage, as nervousness may make him forgetful.　所有演员在上台前都应当把台词记得滚瓜烂熟，因为一紧张就容易忘词。
　You can't fool me; I know the whole story backwards.　你骗不了我，这件事我了解得清清楚楚。
 ♣ know best　(v.+adv.)
　最了解　have the best informed opinion; be the best judge of sb/sth
　No, you really ought to stay in bed, remember, Mother knows best!　不，你真应当卧床静养。记住，母亲说得最有道理！
　Doctors should ask nurses their opinion, after all, they know the patients best.　医生应当征求护士们的意见，毕竟护士最清楚病人的情况。
 ♣ know better　(v.+adv.)
　更明白事理，没愚蠢到…　be wise enough not to do it
　You ought to have known better!　你怎么这么糊涂呢！
　He ran away from school. He ought to have known better.　他从学校逃跑，他本来就应该知道那是不对的。
　She is old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes.　她长大了，应该懂得不该把所有的钱都花在衣服上。
　I thought you knew better than to go to such places as that.　我原以为你不至于糊涂到会上那些地方去。
　You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.　你应该知道，这样冷的天是不该去游泳的。
　You ought to know better than to damage the state property.　你应该知道损坏国家财产是不对的。
　He ought to know better than to come into the house without knocking at the door.　他该懂得不敲门是不能进屋的。
　She certainly knows better than to tackle such problems by herself.　她那么明智的人当然不至于自个儿去解决这类问题。
　They knew better than to come to my front door.　他们挺聪明的，没有跑到前门去。
 ♣ know by　(v.+prep.)
　根据…认出〔了解〕　recognize sb/sth because of sight or sign; tell sb
　You will know the house by its tall chimneys.　看到那些大烟囱你就会认出那所房子。
　I have never met our new neighbors; I simply know them by sight.　我从未接触过我们的新邻居，只见过面。
　I know that poem by heart.　我可以背诵那首诗。
　Shall I let you know by letter or by word of mouth?　我写信告诉你还是口头通知你?
　Let me know it immediately by telephone.　马上打电话通知我。
　You must keep repeating the lines until they are known by heart.　你必须反复朗读这几行，一直到能背诵为止。
 ♣ know fine　(v.+adv.)
　很了解　know well
　I know fine that he's not to be trusted.　我很清楚他是不可信的。
　We know fine that's a good idea.　我们很清楚那是个好主意。
 ♣ know for　(v.+prep.)
1. 知道，认识，以…而出名 have information about sb or sth for a length of time
　It is known for its handicraft products.　这地方因出产手工艺品而闻名。
　The place is nationally known for its melons and fruit, especially its seedless grapes.　这里的瓜果，尤其是无核葡萄驰名全国。
2. 认识到（某人）是 recognize sb as being a certain kind of person
　I know you for a thief and a liar!　我算认识你了，一个又偷又骗的家伙！
 ♣ know from　(v.+prep.)
　辨别，分辨　be able to tell the difference between sb/sth
　You'd better first know a friend from an enemy.　你得首先分清敌友。
　They're twins and it's almost impossible to know one from the other.　他们是孪生子，旁人几乎无法辨别。
　He doesn't know a knife from a fork.　他连刀叉也分不清。
　Don't listen to him, he doesn't know a hawk from a handsaw.　别听他的，他什么也分不清。
　We must learn to know good from evil.　我们要学习区分善恶。
　It's important for one to be able to know right from wrong.　对一个人来说，能分辨是非非常重要。
 ♣ know of　(v.+prep.)
　知道，听说　be aware of the existence of; hear of
　I don't know the writer, but I know of him.　我不认识这个作家，但我是晓得他的。
　Do you know of any oil-filling station around here? 　你知道这一带有加油站吗?
　What do you know of this theatre company?　这个剧团的情况你知道些什么?
　"Has he gone to Shanghai?"　“ Not that I know of."“他到上海去了吗?”“据我所知他并没有去。”
　He would wish that he had never known of it.　他但愿自己根本不晓得这件事。
　I know of a shop where you can buy things like that.　我听说过有一家商店，在那里，你可以买到那些东西。
　I know of his books, but I haven't read any of them.　我听说过他写的书，但一本也没有读过。
　Such a kind of thing has never been known of before.　这种事情以前闻所未闻。
 ♣ know through　(v.+adv.)
　非常了解　understand sb/sth perfectly
　He thought he knew his wife through, until she deceived him.　在妻子骗他之前，他一直认为自己非常了解她。
 ♣ know one's job〔what one is doing〕
　懂行，在行　be able to do sth; be well done
　He is a conscientious man and knows his job.　他很认真负责，也很懂行。
　The pupils handled the tools well, seemed to know what they were doing.　小学生们工具掌握得很好，看起来很会干。
　She knew what she was doing and soon put us to scales and exercises.　她很在行，立即让我们练习起音阶和练习曲来。

 ♣ know, know about, know of
　这三者都有“知道，了解”的意思。它们的区别是：know表示直接地知道，而know of是间接得知（听人讲过，从书报上看过等）; know about指知道关于某事的情况。例如：
　I know of him, but I don't know him personally.　我听说过他，但不认识他。
　It is better to know one thing than to know about ten thousand things.　熟知一事要比略知万事要好。
 ♣ know by, know to
　这两个短语的区别很细微：
1. know to的意思是“为大家所了解”， know by的意思是“被大家所熟知”。现代英语中be known to较少使用。例如：

2. know by的主动形式往往用于表示认识人〔事物〕的手段或标准。例如：
　We know a judge by the clothes he wears.　我们可以根据他穿的衣服认出法官。
 ♣ know, learn, understand
　这组词都有“了解”的意思。它们的区别是：know指对某一事物的直接了解或通过体验、传授获得知识；learn意为“听说”“得知”，强调对某一具体事物从“不知”到“知”的变化；understand指对某事物的性质、规律、意义等都十分了解，而且还指了解它所包含的其他意义和关系，其程度要比know了解得更深、更广。例如：
　How had he learned that secret?　他怎么得知这个秘密的?
　They were greatly surprised to learn the news.　听到这个消息，他们都很吃惊。
　Do you understand the difficulty of my position?　你了解我处境的困难吗?
 ♣ know, realize
　参见realize条。
 ♣ know, recognize
　参见recognize条。
 ♣ I don't know, I wonder
　参见wonder条。

1. 他对物理学了解一点。
　［误］ He is knowing something about physics.
　［正］ He knows something about physics.
　［析］ know不用于进行体。
2. 她知道怎样做蛋糕。
　［误］ She knows to make cakes.
　［误］ She knows making cakes.
　［误］ She knows how making cakes.
　［正］ She knows how to make cakes.
　［析］ know之后不可直接跟动词不定式，也不可跟动名词，但可跟带疑问词的动词不定式。

1. 有些学者把know of和know about视为同义词。例如：
　I know about〔of〕 it long ago.(Palmer)　我很久以前就听说过这件事了。
2. 口语中表示“不知道”，可说I don't know. 不过这听起来显得不温和、不友好，不如说I have no idea.
3. know有时可用作名词， in the know表示“知情的，消息灵通的”。

　［同义词］ apprehend, comprehend, distinguish, experience, learn, notice, realize, recognize, see, understand
　［词源］　古英语cnawan（知道，认识）