| 词组 | it |
| 释义 | 1．it 往往用作主语或宾语，预示后面的不定式，如 It is my duty to help him 和 I consider it my duty to help him。it 有时用作主语或宾语，预示后面的动名词，但不及预示不定式的普通，如 It is my duty helping him 和 I consider it my duty helping him。那动名词前面往往有 my，your，this，that 等词，如 It is no good my telling him so 和 I consider it no good, this telling him so。注意 this 前面有逗号。下面的两句里 it is 有时省去： What a bore it is to be kept waiting for an hour! What a bore it is being kept waiting for an hour! 2．it 有时用作主语，预示后面的一个或多个名词。例如：It is very curious, that story. 和 It is known to none of us, his name and nationality. 这两句里的逗号可以省去。 3．it 往往用作主语或宾语，预示后面的以 that 引导的从句，如 It is true that he is a foreigner 和 I consider it true that he is a foreigner。那 that 有时省去。 4．it 有时用作主语或宾语，预示后面的一个以 how，what，when，where，whether，why 等词引导的从句，如 It is not known how he came here 和 I want to make it clear whether she is related to him or not。比较下面两句： It is not known what he said yesterday. （不知道他昨天说了什么话。） It is not true what he said yesterday. （他昨天说的话是不确实的。） 第二句里的 what he said yesterday 不是疑问句，等于2所讲的名词。 5．3里所举的 It is true that he is a foreigner 里的 true 是形容词，不是副词。下面三句里 It is 和 that 中间的不是形容词而是副词、状语短语和状语从句： It is there that accidents often occur. It is through carelessness that accidents often occur. It is when the lights have gone out that accidents often occur. 这三句是下面三句的强势式： Accidents often occur there. Accidents often occur through carelessness. Accidents often occur after the lights have gone out. Although the work progresses, it is but slowly 里用 slowly 而不用 slow，因为 it is but slowly 等于 it is but slowly that the work progresses。 6．下面两句意思不同： It is help that I need. （我所需要的是帮助［不是其他东西］。） It is I that need help. （需要帮助的就是我［不是别人］。） 这两句语气都比 I need help 强。 就语法讲，that 是关系代词，它的先行项是 It，所以在第二句里在理论上该用 needs 而不用 need，但习惯上那动词的人称是依照那表语（例如第二句里的 I）而不依照那先行项 It 的。 第一句里的 that 改作 which 和第二句里的 that 改作 who 都可以，但都不及用 that 普通。 7．5和6里所讲的都是强势式。两种句法似乎相同而实际不同：5里所举的句子里的 that 是连接词，引导用作 It 的同位语的名词从句，那主句里的动词（例如 is）后面接副词、状语短语或状语从句。6里所举的句子里的 that 是关系代词，引导修饰 It 的形容词从句，那主句里的动词（例如 is）后面接名词或代词。 8．下面每句里的 it 和用作它的同位语的名词从句贴近，却不可把 it 省去： I take it that you are about twenty-five. He will have it that he has always done his best. I will answer for it that my brother is honest. You may depend (up) on it that he will be persuaded before long. He insisted (up) on it that he was innocent. I will see to it that everything is ready by five o'clock. You may rely (up) on it that things will come right. Can you swear to it that you saw him enter the room this morning? There is no doubt about it that the weather is perfect today. I took his word for it that he would make another effort. 第五句里的 (up) on it，第六句里的 to it，第八句里的 to it 和第九句里的 about it 都可以省去。 9．A teacher's duty is to teach 和 It is a teacher's duty to teach 意思相同，但语法结构不同。下面第一句里的 whose duty is to teach 和第二句里的 whose duty it is to teach 在语法结构上的不同相当于上面两句的不同： A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach. A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach. 10．可以说 give it me，send it him，bring it us 等，但通常不说 give me it，send him it，bring us it 等。在美国通常说 give it to me，send it to him，bring it to us 等。 11．下面各句里的 it 代表前半句所说的情况： He is thirty years old, and looks it. You are much stronger now, though you may not look it. She is a nurse, and she looks it. 12．下面各句是爱尔兰语，不是正当的英语： It is very happy that he is. (=He is very happy.) It is pleased I am to see you home again. (=I am pleased to see you home again.) Is it writing a letter you are? (=Are you writing a letter?) italic(s) 1．The sentence is printed in italics 比 The sentence is printed in italic 普通。 2．The italics are mine 的意思是“上面引语里的斜体部分是我加上的，原文并不印作斜体”。 it's it's 现在只用作 it is 的简写形式，不用作 it 的所有格形式。it 的所有格形式是 its，没有撇号。 |
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