| 词组 | what |
| 释义 | 1．What is he? 是问那个人的职业或身份，它的答语该是 He is a professor of physics 或 He is the governor 等，不该是 He is George P. Temple 或 He is my brother 等。 2．下面各句里的 what 作 whatever 解： I gave him what help（或 books）I could. I gave him what little help I could. He used to save what little money he earned. What little he does do he does very carefully. 上面各句里的 what 可以改作 the。 3．What is required is a good book 里当然用 is。What is required is some good books 里也该用 is，不该用 are，因为那表语 books 虽然是复数，那主语 What 却是单数。注意 What 后面用 is。 下面每组里的两句都可以说： 但第一组里的第一句比第二句好，第二组里的第二句比第一句好，因为下面第一组里的第一句比第二句好，第二组里的第二句比第一句好： 4．下面两句都不可说： I do not know what he is and does. This is what is generally known and you should know. 第一句里的 what 是表语，属于主格，同时是 does 的宾语，属于宾格，所以不对，该在 and 后面加上 what he。第二句里的 what 是 is known 的主语，属于主格，同时是 should know 的宾语，属于宾格，所以不对，该在 and 后面加上 what，或把 is generally known 改作 most people know。 5．I do not know what he is and does 里的 what 不但同时用在主格和宾格，而且指两个不同的事物。I do not know what he likes and dislikes 里的 what 虽然并不用在两个不同的格，却指两个不同的事物，所以也不对，该在 and 的后面加上 what he。 6．下面四句都不可说： He is the author of what is the best, and which is certainly the most popular, of English grammars. This book discusses much of what is apparently right but which is really wrong. I can never be certain that I am receiving what I want and for which I am paying. You had better write about what you know and in which you take a keen interest. 第一句和第二句里的 which 该删去。第三句里的 for which I am paying 该改作 am paying for。第四句里的 in which you take a keen interest 该改作 take a keen interest in。 7．what=that（或 those）which。下面两句都不可说： What I am interested in you may not be interested. What I am interested in regard to this matter has nothing to do with you. 第一句该在句末加上 in，否则 what 里的 that 没有着落，第二句该在 interested 后面加上 in（原来的 in 把 regard 做宾语），否则 what 里的 which 没有着落。 8．He asked me what I wanted 里的 what 是疑问代词，He gave me what I wanted 里的 what 是关系代词，He not only asked but also gave me what I wanted 里的 what 同时做疑问代词和关系代词，所以不对。He not only asked me what I wanted but also gave me what I wanted 当然不错，但很不自然，可以把第二个 what I wanted 改作 the thing。 9．关系代词 what 有时泛指下文所讲的话。例如： He went, and, what is more surprising, actually won the prize. I have the letter, and, what's more, I mean to keep it. 这样用法的 what 现在不及 which 普通，参见 which 11 10．注意下面每组的第一句里有 a，第二句里没有 a： 11．不可说 All what I can say is this，该把 what 改作 that，参见 all 9 12．and what not（以及其他）前面通常用两个或两个以上的名词。例如：He sent me books, magazines, newspapers, pictures, and what not. 但有时前面用的是形容词而不是名词。例如：They were then generally dirty, ignorant, superstitious, and what not. 偶尔不用 and 而用 or。 13．What if he does not come? 可能有两个意思：“假使他不来，怎么办呢？”或“即使他不来，有什么关系？” 14．关于 what 和 which 的不同，参见 which 13 |
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