| 词组 | any |
| 释义 | 1．在否定句里，用 any 或 every 意思大不相同，该特别注意，如 I do not know any (one) of them 是“我对于他们一个也不认识”；I do not know every one of them 是“我对于他们并不个个都认识”。 但 I do not know any (one) of them 虽然只有一个意思，I do not care to know any (one) of them 却可能有两个意思：“我对于他们一个也不想去认识。”或“我对于他们并不任何一个都想去认识。”（哪个我想去认识，哪个我不想去认识，我自己有主张。）这第二个意思跟 I do not care to know every one of them 相仿。Not any person has read all these books 也可能有两个意思：“没有人把这些书都读过。”或“并不是任何人把这些书都读过。”这里第二个意思跟 Not every person has read all these books 相仿。 2．在否定词后面用 any 既然是完全否定的意思，所以在要表示一部分的否定便不可用 any，却该用 some，比较下面各句： I do not know any of them. （我对于他们一个也不认识。） I do not know some of them. （我对于他们有几个不认识。） If you do not know any of these words,... （假使你对于这些词一个也不识，……） If you do not know some of these words,... （假使你对于这些词有几个不识，……） 3．把 any 用在主语里而在谓语里用否定词，这种说法是不合习惯的（我只见过一次），如可以说 No man can do it，但不可说 Any man cannot do it。下面几句都不可说： Any book is not perfect. （该说 No book is perfect。） Any of his brothers is unmarried. （该说 All his brothers are unmarried 或 None of his brothers are married。） Any friend of mine knows no French. （该说 None of my friends know French。） Any language cannot be mastered in half a year. （该说 No language can be mastered in half a year。） 4．any 不可指两个人或物中间的任何一个，如不可说 any of my two brothers，该把 any 改作 either。 5．the＋属于最高级的词＋of any...是一个普通而不合理的结构，如 He is the most handsome of any man I know 和 He has the best knowledge of English of any one of my friends。这两句可以改作 He is the most handsome of all men I know 或 He is more handsome than any other man I know 和 He has the best knowledge of English of all my friends 或 He has a better knowledge of English than any other of my friends。 6．any 用在属于比较级的词的前面，作 at all 解，如 Is that any better? 和 I will not do it any more。这种用法是英美通用的。在美国 any 往往用作 at all 解而并不用在属于比较级的词的前面，如 I cannot help him any 和 He did not mind this any。any 用作 at all 解，也用在 different 前面。例如：Is this any different from that? 7．I may leave here any time (that) I want to (leave here) 里的 that 通常是省去的。 |
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