词组 | begin |
释义 | 1.begin 后面的动词所表示的意思假使是有意志的,用不定式和动名词都普通,如 He will soon begin to write a novel 和 He will soon begin writing a novel。begin 后面的动词所表示的意思假使是没有意志的,通常用不定式,较少用动名词,如 She began to like novels at twenty 比 She began liking novels at twenty 普通得多。写作一本小说是有意志的,爱好小说是没有意志的。可是写作一本小说在那作者是有意志的,但在那小说的本身是没有意志的。所以通常说 The novel began to be written last year,而不说 The novel began being written last year。凡 begin 后面的动词属于被动语态的,这动词通常作不定式,很少作动名词。关于“有意志”和“没有意志”,再举几个例子在下面: 教英语是有意志的,懂英语是没有意志的;改正错误是有意志的,认识错误是没有意志的。 但注意下面两句: A cold wind began to blow(或blowing)as we stood at the bus stop. When Mary heard the report of a gun, her heart began to beat(或beating)furiously. 风和心脏当然都没有意志,但风的吹动或心脏的跳动都可能被当作有意志的动作一般,所以用动名词也很自然。 即使对于表示有意志的动作,在 is beginning,was beginning 等后面可以说总是用不定式,不用动名词,这显然为了避免...ing 的重复。如 He is beginning to teach English 几乎不可改作 He is beginning teaching English。 2.begin 是“开始”,begin with 是“以……开始”,如 I shall begin this book today 是“我今天将开始读这本书。”I shall begin with this book today 是“我今天将先读这本书(然后读别的)”。 3.begin 后面通常不接 from,绝对不可接 from...to...。通常不说: The journey begins from Shanghai. (最好把 from 改作 at) The conference will begin from Monday. (最好把 from 改作 on) 绝对不可说: The journey begins from Shanghai to Beijing. (该改作 The journey begins at Shanghai and ends at Beijing。) The conference will begin from Monday to Thursday. (该改作 The conference will begin on Monday and end on Thursday。) 不过 begin at the beginning(从头开始)和 begin from the beginning 都普通。 4.把 begin 用在被动语态的时候,该注意勿犯双重被动的毛病,如 He began to read the book last Sunday 是对的,但 The book was begun (by him) to be read last Sunday 却不对。It was begun (by him) to read the book last Sunday 在语法上不错,但不合习惯,像 begin to...这种结构实际是不能成为被动语态的。The book began to be read (by him) last Sunday 是可以说的,但这句里用 began,是主动语态。 5.把 begin 用作被动语态,往往不及用作主动语态合乎习惯。例如: The play begins(通常不用is begun)at eight o'clock. The dinner began(通常不用was begun)as soon as all the guests arrived. The argument began(通常不用was begun)over a small matter. The discussion did not begin(通常不用was not begun)till late in the afternoon. 6.中国学生往往在该用 begin 的场合不用它。把表示持续动作的动词跟表示时刻(point of time)的词语用在一起是不合习惯的,如 rain(下雨)是表示持续动作的动词,three o'clock 是表示时刻的词语,所以不可说 It rained at three o'clock。在这种场合该用 begin。例如:It began to rain at three o'clock. 7.下面各句里的 begin 原来是美国用法,现在在英国也普通: I felt I did not begin to understand him. (我觉得我一点也不了解他。) Your suggestion dose not begin to meet the difficulty. (你的建议一点也不解决这个困难。) Nothing has begun to interest her so much as folk music. (没有什么东西曾经像民间音乐一样引起她的兴趣。) 8.begin 和 commence 意思相同,但 begin 普通得多,尤其在口语里极少用 commence。19 世纪英国小说家 George Eliot 在某书里有 Things never began with Mr..., they always commenced 这一句,是讥笑那位先生不肯用通俗的文字。commence 只用在正式些的文字里,如 commence hostilities 和 Hostilities commenced late that year。还有两点该注意:1.commence 后面通常接动名词,很少接不定式。2.commence 多用在有意志的事而很少用在没有意志的事。 9.begin 有时用现在式指未来的事,如 The show begins next week。 |
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