| 释义 |
Contents overview doubling final consonantscombating/combatting, etc: spellingcombating/combatting, etc: spellingcombatingcombatting spelling 347.710355doubling consonants: (e.g. big → bigger)doubling consonants: (e.g. big → bigger) (e.g. big → bigger) 34710504focusing/ focussing, etc: spellingfocusing/ focussing, etc: spellingfocusingfocussing spelling 347.710658kidnapped, etc: spellingkidnapped, etc: spelling spelling 347.710983mimicked: spellingmimicked: spelling spelling 347.811108panicking, etc: spellingpanicking, etc: spelling spelling 347.811300picnickers, etc: spellingpicnickers, etc: spelling spelling 347.811344travelling, etc: spellingtravelling, etc: spelling spelling 347.611834worshippers, etc: spellingworshippers, etc: spelling spelling 347.711988Word Formation and Spelling347 doubling final consonants1doubling before vowelsWe sometimes double the final consonant of a word before adding -ed, -er, -est, -ing, -able, -y (or any other ending that begins with a vowel).stop → stoppedsit → sittingbig → bigger2Which consonants are doubled?We double the following letters:| b: | rub → rubbing | | d: | sad → sadder | | g: | big → bigger | | l: | travel → travelling | | m: | slim → slimming | | n: | win → winnable | | p: | stop → stopped | | r: | prefer → preferred | | t: | sit → sitting | | | |
We double final -s in gassing, gassed (but not usually in other words), final -z in quizzes, fezzes, and final -f in iffy (a colloquial word for 'questionable', 'uncertain').Final w (in words like show, flow) is part of a vowel sound, and is not doubled.show → showingflow → flowed (not showwing, flowwed)3only at the end of a wordWe only double consonants that come at the end of a word. Compare:hop hopping fat fatter plan planned hope hoping late later phone phoned4one consonant after one vowel letterWe only double when the word ends in one consonant after one vowel letter. Compare:fat fatter bet betting fast faster (not fastter) beat beating (not beatting)5only stressed syllablesWe only double consonants in stressed syllables. We do not double in longer words that end in unstressed syllables. Compare:upˈset upˈsetting ˈvisit ˈvisitingbeˈgin beˈginning ˈopen ˈopeningreˈfer reˈferring ˈoffer ˈofferingNote the spelling of these words:ˈgallop ˈgalloping ˈgalloped (not gallopping, gallopped)deˈvelop → deˈveloping deˈveloped (not developping, developped)6exception: final l in unstressed syllablesIn British English, we double -l at the end of a word after one vowel letter in most cases, even in unstressed syllables.ˈtravel → ˈtravellingˈequal → ˈequalledIn American English, words like this are most often spelt with one l: traveling.7other exceptionsConsonants are sometimes doubled at the end of final syllables that are pronounced with full vowels (e.g. /æ/), even when these do not carry the main stress.ˈkidnap → ˈkidnappedˈhandicap → ˈhandicappedˈworship → ˈworshippers ˈcombat → ˈcombating ˈ combatting Final -s is sometimes doubled in ˈfocus(s)ing and ˈfocus(s)ed.8final cFinal -c changes to ck before -ed, -er, -ing, etc.picnic → picnickerspanic → panickingmimic → mimicked9Why double?The reason for doubling is to show that a vowel is still pronounced short. This is because, in the middle of a word, a stressed vowel letter before one consonant is usually pronounced as a long vowel or as a diphthong (double vowel). Compare:| hoping /ˈhəʊpɪŋ/ | later /ˈleɪtə(r)/ | diner /ˈdaɪnə(r)/ | | hopping /ˈhɒpɪŋ/ | latter /ˈlætə(r)/ | dinner /ˈdɪnə(r)/ |
Previous Next |