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headlinesheadlinesheadlines 29210775news headlinesnews headlines 29211164Written Texts292 headlines1special languageHeadlines are the short titles above news reports (e.g. DOG FINDS ROMAN TREASURE). English news headlines can be very difficult to understand. One reason for this is that headlines are often written in a special style, which is very different from ordinary English. In this style there are some special rules of grammar, and words are often used in unusual ways.2grammarHeadlines are not always complete sentences. Many headlines consist of noun phrases with no verb.MORE WAGE CUTSLUXURY HOTEL DEATHEXETER MAN'S DOUBLE MARRIAGE BIDHeadlines often contain strings of three, four or more nouns; nouns earlier in the string modify those that follow.FURNITURE FACTORY PAY CUT PROTESTHeadlines like these can be difficult to understand. It sometimes helps to read them backwards. FURNITURE FACTORY PAY CUT PROTEST refers to a PROTEST about a CUT (reduction) in PAY at a FACTORY that makes FURNITURE.Headlines often leave out articles and the verb be.SHAKESPEARE PLAY IMMORAL SAYS HEADMASTERSCHOOLBOY WALKS IN SPACEIn headlines, simple tenses are often used instead of progressive or perfect forms. The simple present is used for both present and past events.STUDENTS FIGHT FOR COURSE CHANGES (= … are fighting …)BLIND GIRL CLIMBS EVEREST (= … has climbed …)The present progressive is used to talk about changes. Be is usually dropped.BRITAIN GETTING WARMER, SAY SCIENTISTSTRADE FIGURES IMPROVINGMany headline words are used as both nouns and verbs, and nouns are often used to modify other nouns (paragraph b above). So it is not always easy to work out the structure of a sentence. Compare:US CUTS AID TO THIRD WORLD (= The US reduces its help … CUTS is a verb, AID is a noun.)AID CUTS PROTEST (= There has been a protest about the reduction in aid. AID and CUTS are both nouns.)CUTS AID REBELS (= The reduction is helping the revolutionaries. CUTS is a noun, AID is a verb.)Headlines often use infinitives to refer to the future.PM TO VISIT AUSTRALIAHOSPITALS TO TAKE FEWER PATIENTSFor is also used to refer to future movements or plans.TROOPS FOR GLASGOW? (= Are soldiers going to be sent to Glasgow?)Auxiliary verbs are usually dropped from passive structures.MURDER HUNT: MAN HELD (= … a man is being held by police.)SIX KILLED IN EXPLOSION (= Six people have been killed …)Note that forms like HELD, ATTACKED are usually past participles with passive meanings, not past tenses (which are rare in headlines). Compare:AID PROTEST: PRESIDENT ATTACKED (= … the President has been attacked.)AID PROTEST: PRESIDENT ATTACKS CRITICS (= … the President has attacked her critics.)BOY FOUND SAFE (= The missing boy has been found safe; he is safe.)BOY FINDS SAFE (= A boy has found a safe.)As and in are often used instead of longer connecting expressions.HOSPITAL BOSS AXED AS PATIENTS DIE (= … because patients have died.)FOOTBALL MANAGER IN CAR CRASHA colon (:) is often used to separate the subject of a headline from what is said about it.STRIKES: PM TO ACTMOTORWAY CRASH: DEATH TOLL RISESQuotation marks ('…') are used to show that words were said by somebody else, and that the report does not necessarily claim that they are true.CRASH DRIVER 'HAD BEEN DRINKING'A question mark (?) is often used when something is not certain.CRISIS OVER BY SEPTEMBER?For other styles with special grammar, 291.3vocabularyShort words save space, and so they are very common in headlines. Some of the short words in headlines are unusual in ordinary language (e.g. curb, meaning 'restrict' or 'restriction'), and some are used in special senses which they do not often have in ordinary language (e.g. bid, meaning 'attempt'). Other words are chosen not because they are short, but because they sound dramatic (e.g. blaze, which means 'big fire', and is used in headlines to refer to any fire). The following is a list of common headline vocabulary.
acttake action; do somethingFOOD CRISIS: GOVERNMENT TO ACT
aidmilitary or financial help; to helpMORE AID FOR POOR COUNTRIES UNIONS AID HOSPITAL STRIKERS
alertalarm, warningFLOOD ALERT ON EAST COAST
allegemake an accusationWOMAN ALLEGES UNFAIR TREATMENT
appearappear in court accused of a crimeMP TO APPEAR ON DRUGS CHARGES
axeabolish, close down; abolition, closureCOUNTRY BUS SERVICES AXED SMALL SCHOOLS FACE AXE
BABritish AirwaysBA MAKES RECORD LOSS
backsupportAMERICA BACKS BRITISH PEACE MOVE
banforbid, refuse to allow something; prohibitionUS BANS STEEL IMPORTS NEW BAN ON DEMONSTRATIONS
barrefuse/refusal to allow entryHOTEL BARS FOOTBALL FANS NEW BAR ON IMMIGRANTS
bidattemptJAPANESE WOMEN IN NEW EVEREST BID
blastexplosion; criticise violentlyBLAST AT PALACE PM BLASTS CRITICS
blazefireSIX DIE IN HOTEL BLAZE
blockstop, delayTORIES BLOCK TEACHERS' PAY DEAL
blowbad news; discouragement; unfortunate happeningSMITH ILL: BLOW TO WORLD CUP HOPES
bolstergive support/encouragement toEXPORT FIGURES BOLSTER CITY CONFIDENCE
bondpolitical/business associationNEW TRADE BONDS WITH ICELAND
boombig increase; prosperous periodSPENDING BOOM OVER, SAYS MINISTER
boostencourage(ment); increase (noun or verb)PLAN TO BOOST EXPORTS
brinkedge (of disaster)WORLD ON BRINK OF WAR
Brusselsthe European Union administrationBRUSSELS BANS BRITISH BLACKBERRY WINE
call (for)demand/appeal (for)CALL FOR STRIKE TALKS HOSPITAL SCANDAL: MP CALLS FOR ENQUIRY
campaignorganised effort to achieve social or political resultMP LAUNCHES CAMPAIGN FOR PRISON REFORM
cashmoneyMORE CASH NEEDED FOR SCHOOLS
chargeaccusation (by police)THREE MEN HELD ON BOMB CHARGE
chopabolition, closure300 BANK BRANCHES FACE CHOP
CityLondon's financial institutionsNEW TRADE FIGURES PLEASE CITY
claim(make) a statement that something is true (especially when there may be disagreement); pay claim demand for higher wagesSCIENTIST CLAIMS CANCER BREAKTHROUGH NEW POLICE RACISM CLAIM TEACHERS' PAY CLAIM REJECTED
clamp down ondeal firmly with (usually something illegal)POLICE TO CLAMP DOWN ON SPEEDING
clashquarrel, fight (noun or verb)PM IN CLASH OVER ARMS SALES STUDENTS CLASH WITH POLICE
clearfind innocentDOCTOR CLEARED OF DRUGS CHARGE
Commonsthe House of Commons (in Parliament)MINISTERS IN COMMONS CLASH OVER HOUSING
conswindleTEENAGERS CON WIDOW OUT OF LIFE SAVINGS
crackdownfirm application of the lawGOVERNMENT PROMISES CRACKDOWN ON DRUGS DEALERS
crashfinancial failureBANK CRASH THREATENS TO BRING DOWN GOVERNMENT
curbrestrict; restrictionNEW PRICE CURBS
cutreduce; reductionBRITAIN CUTS OVERSEAS AID NEW HEALTH SERVICE CUTS
cutbackreduction (usually financial)TEACHERS SLAM SCHOOL CUTBACKS
dash(make) quick journeyPM IN DASH TO BLAST HOSPITAL
deadlockdisagreement that cannot be solvedDEADLOCK IN PEACE TALKS
dealagreement, bargainTEACHERS REJECT NEW PAY DEAL
demodemonstration30 ARRESTED IN ANTI-TAX DEMO
ditchabandonEDUCATION MINISTER DITCHES FEES CUT PLAN
dole (BrE)unemployment payDOLE QUEUES LENGTHEN
dramadramatic event; tense situationPRINCE IN AIRPORT DRAMA
driveunited effortDRIVE TO SAVE WATER
dropgive up, get rid of; fall (noun)GOVERNMENT TO DROP CHILD LABOUR PLAN BIG DROP IN INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT
dueexpected to arriveQUEEN DUE IN BERLIN TODAY
duotwo peopleDISABLED DUO ROW ACROSS ATLANTIC
EUthe European UnionEU TRADE MINISTERS TO MEET
edgemove graduallyWORLD EDGES TOWARDS WAR
envoyambassadorFRENCH ENVOY DISAPPEARS
facebe threatened byHOSPITALS FACE MORE CUTS STRIKERS FACE SACK
feudlong-lasting quarrel or disputeFAMILY FEUD EXPLODES INTO VIOLENCE: SIX HELD
find(noun) something that is foundBEACH FIND MAY BE BONES OF UNKNOWN DINOSAUR
firmdetermined not to changePM FIRM ON TAX LEVELS
flakheavy criticismGOVERNMENT FACES FLAK OVER VAT
flarebegin violentlyRIOTS FLARE IN ULSTER
foilprevent somebody from succeedingTWELVE-YEAR-OLD FOILS BANK RAIDERS
fraudswindle, deceitJAIL FOR TICKET FRAUD MEN
freezekeep(ing) prices, etc at their present level; block(ing) a bank accountMINISTER WANTS TWO-YEAR PAY FREEZE DRUG PROFITS FROZEN
fuelprovide reason for growth (of anger, protest, etc)PAY FREEZE FUELS UNION ANGER
gagcensor(ship), prevent(ion) from speakingAFRICAN PRESIDENT ACTS TO GAG PRESS FURY AT PRESS GAG
gemsjewels£2m GEMS STOLEN
goresign; be lost, disappearPM TO GO? 4,000 JOBS TO GO IN NORTH
go forbe sold forPICASSO DRAWING GOES FOR £5m
go-aheadapprovalSCOTTISH ROAD PLAN GETS GO-AHEAD
grabtake quickly or violentlyINVESTORS GRAB SHARES IN SCOTTISH COMPANIES
griptight hold; hold tightlyREBELS TIGHTEN GRIP ON SOUTH COLD WAVE GRIPS COUNTRY
gun downshootTERRORISTS GUN DOWN PRIEST
hailwelcome, praisePM HAILS PEACE PLAN
haltstop (noun or verb)CAR PLANT TO HALT PRODUCTION
haulamount stolen in robbery, or seized by police or customsTRAIN ROBBERY: BIG GOLD HAUL RECORD DRUGS HAUL AT AIRPORT
headlead; leaderPM TO HEAD TRADE MISSION COMMONWEALTH HEADS TO MEET IN OTTAWA
head for/tomove towardsECONOMY HEADING FOR DISASTER, EXPERTS WARN
heedpay attention toGOVERNMENT MUST HEED HOUSING CRISIS, SAYS BISHOP
hike (AmE)rise in costs, prices, etcINTEREST HIKE WILL HIT BUSINESS
hitaffect badlySNOWSTORMS HIT TRANSPORT
hit out atattack (with words)PM HITS OUT AT CRITICS
hitchproblem that causes delayLAST-MINUTE HITCH DELAYS SATELLITE LAUNCH
holdarrest; keep under arrestMAN HELD AFTER STATION BLAST POLICE HOLD TERROR SUSPECT
in (the) redin debt; making a financial lossBRITISH STEEL IN RED
jailprisonJAIL FOR PEACE MARCHERS
joblessunemployed (people)THREE MILLION JOBLESS BY APRIL?
keyimportant, vitalKEY WITNESS VANISHES
landslidevictory by large majority in electionLANDSLIDE FOR NATIONALISTS
launchsend(ing) (satellite, etc) into space; begin(ning) (campaign, etc); put(ting) (new product) on marketENVIRONMENT MINISTER LAUNCHES CAMPAIGN FOR CLEANER BEACHES BRITISH COMPANY LAUNCHES THROW-AWAY CHAIRS SPACE TELESCOPE LAUNCH DELAYED
leadclue (in police enquiry)NEW LEAD IN NIGHTCLUB MURDER CASE
leakunofficial publication of secret informationPM FURIOUS OVER TAX PLAN LEAKS
leapbig increaseLEAP IN IMPORTS
lifeimprisonment 'for life'LIFE FOR AXE MURDERER
linkconnection, contactNEW TRADE LINKS WITH PERU
loomthreaten to happenVAT ON FOOD: NEW PROTESTS LOOM
Lordsthe House of Lords (in Parliament)LORDS VOTE ON DOG REGISTRATION
lottothe national lotteryDANCING GRANDMOTHER IN RECORD LOTTO WIN
marspoilCROWD VIOLENCE MARS CUP FINAL
medianewspapers, radio and TVGOVERNMENT TIGHTENS GRIP ON MEDIA
MEPMember of the European ParliamentMEPS WANT MORE PAY
mercyintended to save livesDOCTOR IN MERCY DASH TO EVEREST
missiondelegation (official group sent to conference, etc)SHOTS FIRED AT UN MISSION
mobangry crowd; (AmE) organised crime / MafiaMOBS RAMPAGE THROUGH CITY STREETS MOB LEADERS HELD
movestep towards a particular result (often political)MOVE TO BOOST TRADE LINKS WITH JAPAN
MPMember of ParliamentMP DENIES DRUGS CHARGE
nailforce somebody to admit the truthMP NAILS MINISTER ON PIT CLOSURE PLANS
netwin, captureTWO SISTERS NET £3m IN POOLS WIN
No 10Number 10 Downing Street (the Prime Minister's residence)ANOTHER PETITION HANDED IN AT No 10
OAP (BrE)old-age pensioner; anybody over retirement ageOAPS MARCH AGAINST WAR PLANS
oddschances, probabilityJONES RE-ELECTED AGAINST THE ODDS
onabout, on the subject of, concerningNEW MOVE ON PENSIONS
opt forchooseWALES OPTS FOR INDEPENDENCE
oustdrive out, replaceMODERATES OUSTED IN UNION ELECTIONS
out tointending toNATIONALISTS OUT TO CAPTURE MASS VOTE
overabout, on the subject of, because ofPROTESTS OVER AID CUTS
pactagreementDEFENCE PACT RUNS INTO TROUBLE
paywagesTRANSPORT PAY TALKS BREAK DOWN
PC (BrE)police constablePC SHOT IN BANK RAID
peakhigh pointBANK LENDING HITS NEW PEAK
peerlord; Member of the House of LordsPEERS REJECT GOVERNMENT WAGE-FREEZE BAN
peg (BrE)hold (prices, etc) at present levelBANKS PEG INTEREST RATES
pensioner (BrE)old age pensioner; anybody over retirement agePENSIONER SKIS DOWN MONT BLANC
perildangerFLOOD PERIL IN THAMES VALLEY
pitcoal minePIT TURNED INTO MUSEUM
plantfactorySTEEL PLANT BLAZE
pleacall for helpBIG RESPONSE TO PLEA FOR FLOOD AID
pledgepromiseGOVERNMENT GIVES PLEDGE ON JOBLESS
PMPrime MinisterEGG THROWN AT PM
poised toready to, about toTORIES POISED TO MAKE ELECTION GAINS
pollpublic opinion surveyTORIES AHEAD IN POLLS
poolsfootball pools: a form of gambling in which people guess the results of football matchesSISTERS SHARE BIG POOLS WIN
premierprime ministerGREEK PREMIER TO VISIT UK
pressthe newspapersBID TO GAG PRESS OVER DEFENCE SPENDING
press (for)urge, encourage, ask for urgentlyMINISTER PRESSED TO ACT ON HOUSING OPPOSITION PRESS FOR ENQUIRY ON AIR CRASHES
probeinvestigation; investigateCALL FOR STUDENT DRUGS PROBE POLICE PROBE RACING SCANDAL
pull outwithdraw; pull-out withdrawalUS PULLS OUT OF ARMS TALKS MINISTER URGES PULL-OUT FROM OLYMPICS
push forask for, encourageSCHOOLS PUSH FOR MORE CASH
quakeearthquakeHOUSES DAMAGED IN WELSH QUAKE
quitresign, leaveCHURCH LEADER QUITS MINISTER TO QUIT GOVERNMENT
quizquestion (verb)POLICE QUIZ MILLIONAIRE SUPERMARKET BOSS
raidenter and search; attack (noun and verb), rob, robberyPOLICE RAID DUCHESS'S FLAT BIG GEMS RAID
rampageriotFOOTBALL FANS RAMPAGE THROUGH SEASIDE TOWNS
rapcriticiseDOCTORS RAP NEW MINISTRY PLANS
rates(bank) interest ratesRATES RISE EXPECTED
recordbigger than ever beforeRECORD LOSS BY INSURANCE COMPANY
riddlemysteryMISSING ENVOY RIDDLE: WOMAN HELD
riftdivision, disagreementLABOUR RIFT OVER DEFENCE POLICY
rockshock, shakeBANK SEX SCANDAL ROCKS CITY IRELAND ROCKED BY QUAKE
row (BrE)noisy disagreement, quarrelNEW ROW OVER PENSION CUTS
rule outreject the possibility ofPM RULES OUT AUTUMN ELECTION
sack (BrE)dismiss(al) from jobSTRIKING TRAIN DRIVERS FACE SACK
sagalong-running news storyNEW REVELATIONS IN RUNAWAY DUKE SAGA
scarepublic alarm, alarming rumourTYPHOID SCARE IN SOUTHWEST
scoopwin (prize, etc)PENSIONER SCOOPS LOTTO FORTUNE
scrapthrow out (as useless)GOVERNMENT SCRAPS NEW ROAD PLANS
seeklook forPOLICE SEEK WITNESS TO KILLING
seizetake (especially in police and customs searches)POLICE SEIZE ARMS AFTER CAR CHASE £3m DRUGS SEIZED AT AIRPORT
set toready to; about toINTEREST RATES SET TO RISE
shedget rid ofCAR MAKERS TO SHED 5,000 JOBS
slamcriticise violentlyGENERAL SLAMS DEFENCE POLICY
slashcut, reduce drasticallyGOVERNMENT TO SLASH HEALTH EXPENDITURE
slatecriticisePM SLATES BISHOP
slay (AmE)murderFREEWAY KILLER SLAYS SIX
slumpfall (economic)EXPORTS SLUMP CITY FEARS NEW SLUMP
snatchsteal, robberyBIG WAGES SNATCH IN WEST END TEENAGE ROBBERS SNATCH POLICE CAR
soarrise dramaticallyIMPORTS SOAR FOR THIRD MONTH
sparkcause (trouble) to startREFEREE'S DECISION SPARKS RIOT
splitdisagree(ment)CABINET SPLIT ON PRICES POLICY
spreewild spending expeditionBUS DRIVER SPENDS £30,000 IN THREE-DAY CREDIT CARD SPREE
stakefinancial interestJAPANESE BUY STAKE IN BRITISH AIRWAYS
stormangry public disagreementSTORM OVER NEW STRIKE LAW
storm out ofleave angrilyTEACHERS' LEADERS STORM OUT OF MEETING
stunsurprise, shockJOBLESS FIGURES STUN CITY
surgesudden increase; rise suddenlySURGE IN JOBLESS FIGURES
swapexchangeHEART SWAP BOY BETTER
swaypersuadeHOSPITAL PROTEST SWAYS MINISTERS
switchchange (noun or verb)DEFENCE POLICY SWITCH MORE HOMES SWITCH ELECTRICITY SUPPLIERS
swoopto raid; a police raidPOLICE IN DAWN SWOOP ON DRUGS GANG
threatdangerTHREAT OF FLU EPIDEMIC
tollnumber killedQUAKE TOLL MAY BE 5,000
top(adj) senior, most importantTOP BANKER KIDNAPPED
top(verb) exceedIMPORTS TOP LAST YEAR'S FIGURES
ToryConservativeVICTORY FOR TORY MODERATES
triothree peopleJAILBREAK TRIO RECAPTURED
troopssoldiersMORE TROOPS FOR BORDER AREA
UKthe United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)BRUSSELS CRITICISES UK JAIL CONDITIONS
UNthe United NationsUN IN RED: CANNOT BALANCE BUDGET
urgeencourageGOVERNMENT URGED TO ACT ON POLLUTION
USthe United States of AmericaUS URGED TO PULL OUT OF MIDDLE EAST
VATvalue added taxNEXT, VAT ON BABY FOOD?
vowpromiseEXILED PRESIDENT VOWS TO RETURN
walk outleave in protestCAR WORKERS WALK OUT OVER WAGE FREEZE
wedmarryBISHOP TO WED ACTRESS
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