| 词组 | negative structures basic rules |
| 释义 | Contents overview negative structures : basic rules217 negative structures: basic rules1negative verb forms: auxiliary + notWe make negative verb forms by putting not after an auxiliary verb.We have not forgotten you.It was not raining.She can't swim.Do is normally used if there is no other auxiliary verb.I like the salad, but I don't like the soup. (not I like not the soup.)Do is followed by the infinitive without to.I didn't think. (not I didn't to think.) or I didn't thinking. or I didn't thought.Do is not used with another auxiliary verb.You mustn't worry. (not You don't must worry.)Do is not normally used with be (even when be is not auxiliary).The supper isn't ready. (not The supper doesn't be ready.)For negative forms of have, dare, need and used, see the entries on these verbs.For the dialect form ain't, 337.4.For negatives without do in older English (e.g. I like him not), 318.10.For negative subjunctives (e.g. It's important that he not be disturbed), 232.2.2imperatives: Don't worry.Negative imperatives are made with do not / don't + infinitive (224).Do not expect quick results. (not Expect not …)Don't worry – I'll look after you. (not Worry not …)Do not / don't is also used to make the negative imperative of be.Don't be rude.3infinitives and -ing forms: It's important not to worry.We put not before infinitives and -ing forms. Do is not used.It's important not to worry. (not … to don't worry.)The best thing about the weekend is not working.4other parts of a clause: not his wife, not before sixWe can put not with other parts of a clause, not only a verb.Ask Jake, not his wife.Come early, but not before six.It's working, but not well.We do not usually begin a sentence with not + subject. Instead, we use a structure with it ('cleft sentence', 273).It was not George that came, but his brother. (not Not George came …)For the difference between not and no with nouns, 536.5other negative words: never, seldom, etcOther words besides not can make a clause negative. Compare:He's not at home.He's never at home.He's seldom / rarely / hardly ever at home.We do not normally use the auxiliary do with these other words. Compare:He doesn't work.He never works. (not He does never work.)He seldom / rarely / hardly ever works.They refuse to listen to reason.The soup lacks salt. We're unhappy about your decision.However, do can be used for emphasis or contrast.I never did like her.6question tags: You don't …, do you?After negative clauses, question tags ( 305–306) are not negative.You don't work on Sundays, do you?You seldom work on Saturdays, do you? (not You seldom work on Saturdays, don't you?)She never smiled, did she?The same thing happens after clauses with little and few (168).There's little point in doing anything about it, is there? (not … isn't there?)He has few reasons for staying, has he?7'non-affirmative' words: any, etcWe do not usually use some, somebody, etc in negative clauses. Instead, we use the 'non-affirmative' words any, anybody, etc (222). Compare:I've found some mushrooms.I haven't found any mushrooms.Previous Next |
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英语用法大全包含1354条英语用法指南，基本涵盖了全部常用英文词汇及语法点的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。