| 释义 |
Contents overview prefixes and suffixesa-: (prefix)a-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110003-age: (suffix)-age: (suffix) (suffix) 10061-an: (suffix)-an: (suffix)-ian-an (suffix) 10100-ance, -ancy: (suffix)-ance, -ancy: (suffix)-ance-ancy (suffix) 10103Anglo-: (prefix)Anglo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110105ante-: (prefix)ante-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110110anti-: (prefix)anti-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110111arch-: (prefix)arch-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110131-ate: (suffix)-ate: (suffix) (suffix) 338.610181-ation: (suffix)-ation: (suffix) (suffix) 10183auto-: (prefix)auto-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110188bi-: (prefix)bi-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110238cent- and centi-: (prefix)cent- and centi-: (prefix)centcenti (prefix) 338.110310-centric: (suffix)-centric: (suffix) (suffix) 10311co-: (prefix)co-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110346counter-: (prefix)counter-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110405cyber-: (prefix)cyber-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110426de-: (prefix)de-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110437dis-: (prefix)dis-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110478e-: (prefix)e-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110523eco-: (prefix)eco-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110535-ee: (suffix)-ee: (suffix) (suffix) 10539en-: (prefix)en-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110554-en: (suffix)-en: (suffix) (suffix) 338.610555-ence, -ency: (suffix)-ence, -ency: (suffix)-ence-ency (suffix) 10556-er: (suffix)-er: (suffix) (suffix) 10569-ese: (suffix)-ese: (suffix) (suffix) 10572-ette: (suffix)-ette: (suffix) (suffix) 10577Euro-: (prefix)Euro-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110578ex-: (prefix)ex-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110597extra-: (prefix)extra-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110610fore-: (prefix)fore-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110666geo-: (prefix)geo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110708-hood: (suffix)-hood: (suffix) (suffix) 10805hyper-: (prefix)hyper-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110832-(i)an: (suffix)-(i)an: (suffix)-ian-an (suffix) 10853-ian: (suffix)-ian: (suffix)-ian-an (suffix) 10854-ic, -ical: (suffix)-ic, -ical: (suffix)-ic-ical (suffix) 10855-ify: (suffix)-ify: (suffix) (suffix) 338.610870ill-: (prefix)ill-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110873im-: (prefix)im-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110876in-: (prefix)in-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110894-ing: (suffix)-ing: (suffix) (suffix) 10914inter-: (prefix)inter-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110932-ish: (suffix)-ish: (suffix) (suffix) 10952-ism: (suffix)-ism: (suffix) (suffix) 10954-ist: (suffix)-ist: (suffix) (suffix) 10955-ity: (suffix)-ity: (suffix) (suffix) 10965-ive: (suffix)-ive: (suffix) (suffix) 10967kilo-: (prefix)kilo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.110984-less: (suffix)-less: (suffix) (suffix) 11020-like: (suffix)-like: (suffix) (suffix) 11031mal-: (prefix)mal-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111068mega-: (prefix)mega-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111095-ment: (suffix)-ment: (suffix) (suffix) 11097micro-: (prefix)micro-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111101mid-: (prefix)mid-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111102milli-: (prefix)milli-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111106mini-: (prefix)mini-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111112mis-: (prefix)mis-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111114mono-: (prefix)mono-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111125multi-: (prefix)multi-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111141neo-: (prefix)neo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111158-ness: (suffix)-ness: (suffix) (suffix) 11159non-: (prefix)non-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111183-ocracy: (suffix)-ocracy: (suffix) (suffix) 11230-ology: (suffix)-ology: (suffix) (suffix) 11242omni-: (prefix)omni-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111244-or: (suffix)-or: (suffix) (suffix) 11273-ous: (suffix)-ous: (suffix) (suffix) 11285out-: (prefix)out-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111286over-: (prefix)over-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111290pan-: (prefix)pan-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111299-phile: (suffix)-phile: (suffix) (suffix) 11336-phobe, -phobia: (suffix)-phobe, -phobia: (suffix)-phobe-phobia (suffix) 11337photo-: (prefix)photo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111339poly-: (prefix)poly-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111374post-: (prefix)post-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111381pre-: (prefix)pre-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111390prefixesprefixes 33811394pro-: (prefix)pro-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111424-proof: (suffix)-proof: (suffix) (suffix) 11435pseudo-: (prefix)pseudo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111440psycho-: (prefix)psycho-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111441re-: (prefix)re-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111470semi-: (prefix)semi-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111562-ship: (suffix)-ship: (suffix) (suffix) 11583socio-: (prefix)socio-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111630sub-: (prefix)sub-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111695suffixessuffixes 33811703super-: (prefix)super-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111711tele-: (prefix)tele-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111741thermo-: (prefix)thermo-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111785trans-: (prefix)trans-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111831tri-: (prefix)tri-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111835ultra-: (prefix)ultra-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111855un-: (prefix)un-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111856under-: (prefix)under-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111859uni-: (prefix)uni-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111865vice-: (prefix)vice-: (prefix) (prefix) 338.111892-y: (suffix)-y: (suffix) (suffix) 12002Word Formation and Spelling338 prefixes and suffixesThe following are some of the most common and useful English prefixes and suffixes.1prefixes| prefix | mainly added to | usual meaning | examples |
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| a- | adj. | not, without | amoral, asexual | | Anglo- | adj. | English | Anglo-American | | ante- | adj., verbs, nouns | before | antenatal, antedate, anteroom | | anti- | adj., nouns | against | antisocial, anti-war | | arch- | nouns | supreme, most | archbishop, arch-enemy | | auto- | adj., nouns | self | automatic, autobiography | | bi- | adj., nouns | two | bilingual, bicycle | | bio- | adj., nouns | life | biodegradable, biochemist | | cent(i)- | nouns | hundredth | centimetre, centilitre | | co- | verbs, nouns | together (with) | co-operate, co-pilot | | counter- | adj., verbs, nouns | against | counteract, counter-revolution(ary) | | cyber- | nouns | computer, internet | cybercrime, cyberculture | | de- | verbs | reversing action | defrost, deregulate | | de- | verbs | take away | deforest | | dis- | adj., verbs, nouns | not, opposite | disloyal, disappear, disorder | | dis- | verbs | reversing action | disconnect, disinfect | | e- | nouns | electronic, internet | email, e-commerce, e-book | | eco- | adj., nouns | environment | eco-friendly, eco-tourism | | en- | nouns | put in | endanger, encircle | | en- | adj. | make | enrich, enable | | Euro- | adj., nouns | European | Eurocentric, Europop | | ex- | nouns | former | ex-husband | | extra- | adj. | exceptionally | extra-special | | extra- | adj. | outside | extra-terrestrial | | fore- | verbs, nouns | before | foretell, foreknowledge | | geo- | adj., nouns | earth | geothermal, geophysics | | hyper- | adj., nouns | extreme(ly) | hypercritical, hypertension | | ill- | past participles | badly | ill-advised, ill-expressed | | in- | adj. | not, opposite | incomplete, insensitive | | (im- before p) | adj. | not, opposite | impossible | | (il- before l) | adj. | not, opposite | illegible | | (ir- before r) | adj. | not, opposite | irregular | | inter- | adj., verbs | between, among | international, intermarry | | kilo- | nouns | thousand | kilometre, kilogram | | mal- | adj., verbs, nouns | bad(ly) | maltreat, malformed, malfunction | | mega- | nouns | million | megabyte | | mega- | adj. (informal) | extremely | mega-rich | | micro- | adj., nouns | very small | microlight (aircraft), micrometer | | mid- | nouns | in the middle of | mid-December, mid-afternoon | | milli- | nouns | thousandth | millisecond | | mini- | nouns | little | minigolf, minicab | | mis- | verbs, nouns | wrong(ly) | misunderstand, misconduct | | mono- | adj., nouns | one | monogamous, monorail | | multi- | adj., nouns | many | multilingual, multi-purpose | | neo- | adj., nouns | new(ly) | neo-classical, neo-Nazi | | non- | nouns, adj. | not | non-smoker, non-returnable | | omni- | adj. | all | omnipresent | | out- | verbs | do/be more than | outrun, outnumber | | over- | adj., verbs | too much | over-confident, overeat | | pan- | adj. | right across | pan-American | | photo- | adj., nouns | light | photoelectric, photosynthesis | | poly- | adj., nouns | many | polyglot, polygon | | post- | adj., nouns | after | post-modern, postwar | | pre- | adj., nouns | before | premarital, prewar | | pro- | adj., nouns | for, in favour of | pro-communist, pro-government (adj.) | | pseudo- | adj. | false | pseudo-academic | | psycho- | adj., nouns | mind, mental | psycho-analysis | | re- | verbs, nouns | again, back | rebuild, reconstruction | | semi- | adj., nouns | half | semi-conscious, semicircle | | socio- | adj., nouns | society | socio-economic | | sub- | adj., nouns | below | substandard, subconscious, subway | | super- | adj. nouns | more than, special | supernatural, supermarket | | tele- | nouns | distant | telescope | | thermo- | adj., nouns | heat | thermo-electric, thermometer | | trans- | adj., verbs | across | transatlantic, transplant | | tri- | adj., nouns | three | tripartite, triangle | | ultra- | adj., nouns | extreme, beyond | ultra-modern, ultrasound | | un- | adj., participles | not, opposite | uncertain, unexpected | | un- | verbs | reverse action | untie, undress | | under- | verbs, participles | too little | underestimate, under-developed | | uni- | adj., nouns | one | unilateral, unicycle | | vice- | nouns | deputy | vice-chairman |
2suffixes that form nouns| suffix | mainly added to | usual meaning | examples |
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| -age | verbs | instance of | breakage, shrinkage | | -al | verbs | instance of | refusal, dismissal | | -ance, -ancy | adj., verbs | process/state of | reluctance, performance, expectancy | | -ation | verbs | process/state of | exploration, starvation | | -ation | verbs | product of | organisation, foundation | | -ee | verbs | object of verb | payee, employee | | -ence, -ency | adj., verbs | process/state of | independence, presidency | | -er | nouns | belonging to | teenager, Londoner | | -er/or | verbs | person/thing that does | writer, driver, starter, editor | | -ess | nouns | female | lioness, waitress | | -ette | nouns | small | kitchenette | | -ful | nouns | amount held in | spoonful, cupful | | -hood | nouns | quality, group, time of | brotherhood, childhood | | -ing | nouns | quantity of material | carpeting, tubing | | -ing | nouns | activity | farming, surfing | | -ism | nouns | belief, practice | communism, impressionism | | -ity | adj. | quality of | elasticity, falsity | | -ment | verbs | process/result of | government, arrangement | | -ness | adj. | quality of | meanness, happiness | | -ocracy | nouns | government by | democracy | | -ology | nouns | study of | sociology | | -phile | nouns | lover of | Anglophile | | -phobe | nouns | hater, fearer of | Anglophobe | | -phobia | nouns | irrational fear of | arachnophobia (fear of spiders) | | -ship | nouns | status, state, quality of | friendship, dictatorship |
3suffixes that form nouns or adjectives| suffix | mainly added to | usual meaning | examples |
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| -ese | place nouns | inhabitant of, language of | Chinese, Vietnamese | | -(i)an | nouns | supporter of, related to | Darwinian, republican | | -(i)an | nouns | citizen of | Parisian, Moroccan | | -ist | nouns | practitioner of | pianist, racist |
4suffixes that form adjectives| suffix | mainly added to | usual meaning | examples |
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| -able/-ible (344) | verbs | can be (done) | washable, drinkable | | -al | nouns | related to | accidental | | -centric | nouns | centred on | Eurocentric | | -ed | nouns | having | wooded, pointed, blue-eyed | | -ful | nouns | full of, providing | useful, helpful | | -ic(al) (339) | nouns | related to | artistic, typical | | -ish | adj., nouns | rather (like) | greenish, childish | | -ish | place nouns | inhabitant of, language of | Scottish, Turkish | | -ive | verbs | can do, does | attractive, selective | | -less | nouns | without | careless, homeless | | -like | nouns | like | childlike | | -ly | nouns | with the quality of | friendly, motherly | | -ous | nouns | having | virtuous, ambitious | | -proof | nouns | protected/-ing against | bullet-proof, waterproof | | -ward | adj. | towards | backward, northward | | -y | nouns | like, characterised by | creamy, wealthy |
5suffixes that form adverbs| suffix | mainly added to | usual meaning | examples |
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| -ly | adj. | in an (adjective) way | calmly, slowly | | -ward(s) | adj. | towards | backwards, northward(s) |
6suffixes that form verbs| suffix | mainly added to | usual meaning | examples |
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| -ate | nouns | causative | orchestrate, chlorinate | | -en | adj. | make, become | deafen, ripen, harden | | -ify | adj., nouns | causative: make | simplify, electrify | | -ise/-ize (343) | adj., nouns | various | modernise, symbolise |
7combining formsSome prefixes and suffixes combine mainly or often with other prefixes and suffixes. Examples are phono- ('sound'), -logy ('study of'), -scope ('instrument for seeing'), -metry ('measurement'). phonologytelescopemicrometry8negative words with no positive equivalentSome words with negative prefixes have no positive opposite equivalent: for example, somebody can be distressed, but not tressed. Other examples:dishevelled, disappoint, discard, disclose, disconcert, disfigure, dismiss, dispose, incessant, indelible, uncanny, uncouth, ungainly, unkempt, unnerved, unspeakable, unwieldy, unwitting9productivityCertain prefixes and suffixes are productive: they are often used to form new words. And some can be added to almost any word of the right grammatical kind.I'm not anti-tourists; I just don't want them in our town.The place has got a real 1970s-like atmosphere.But most are limited to certain words or kinds of word, and cannot be used to invent new vocabulary items.(not uncredible, subinteresting, considerage) or drinklessFor hyphens after co-, ex-, etc, 342.3.d.Previous Next |