| 词组 | social language |
| 释义 | Contents overview 'social' languageapologiesapologies 329.710122Bye and Bye-byeBye and Bye-byebyebye-bye and Bye-bye 329.210286don't mention itdon't mention it 329.1910502drinking: common expressionsdrinking: common expressions common expressions 329.1210512greetingsgreetings 329.210744Happy birthday/New Year, etcHappy birthday/New Year, etcHappy birthdayHappy New YearHappy ChristmasHappy Easter, etc 329.410765Have a good holiday / Have a good time / Have a good trip, etcHave a good holiday / Have a good time / Have a good trip, etcHave a good holidayHave a good timeHave a good trip 329.910772Here you areHere you are 329.1810787How are you? and How do you do?How are you? and How do you do? and How do you do? 329.110816I beg your pardonI beg your pardon 329.710840introductionsintroductions 329.110939invitationsinvitations 329.1510943offersoffers 329.1611237Safe journey homeSafe journey home 329.911536See you: (later, etc)See you: (later, etc)See youSee you later (later, etc) 329.211555Sleep wellSleep well 329.2011611social languagesocial language 32911628thanking peoplethanking people 329.1911754There you goThere you go 329.1811781wishes: sending good wisheswishes: sending good wishes sending good wishes 329.1311975Your healthYour health 329.1212015329 'social' languageEvery language has fixed expressions which are used on particular social occasions – for example when people meet, leave each other, go on a journey, sit down to meals and so on. Here are some of the most important English expressions of this kind.1introductionsCommon ways of introducing strangers to each other are:Jack, do you know Ella? Ella, this is my friend Jack.Sophie, I don't think you've met Laura.I don't think you two know each other, do you?Can/May I introduce Ben Willis? (more formal)When people are introduced, they may say Pleased/Nice to meet you. (formal), or Hello/Hi (informal). Americans often say How are you? People who are introduced often shake hands.For the use of first names, surnames and titles, 326.2greetingsWhen getting together with people (formal):(Good) morning/afternoon/evening.When getting together with people (informal):Hello.Hi. (very informal)When leaving people:Goodnight.Bye. (informal)Goodbye.Bye-bye. (often used to and by children)Cheers. (informal – British only)Take care. (informal)See you. (informal)See you later / tomorrow / next week, etc (informal)It was nice to meet / meeting you.Note that Good day is very unusual (except in Australian English in its colloquial form G'day), and Goodnight is used only when leaving people, not when getting together with them.3asking about health, etcWhen we meet people we know, we often ask politely about their health or their general situation.How are you?How are things? / How's things? (informal)How's it going? (informal)How (are) you doing?Formal answers:Very well, thank you. And you?Fine, thank you.Informal answers:Fine/Great, thanks.OK.So-so. (not So and so.)All right.Not too bad.(I'm) good.(It) could be worse.Mustn't grumble. (BrE)Can't complain.British people do not usually ask How are you? when they are introduced to people. And neither British nor American people begin letters to strangers by asking about health (289).4special greetingsGreetings for special occasions are:Happy birthday! (or Many happy returns!)Happy New Year / Easter!Happy/Merry Christmas!Happy anniversary!Congratulations on your exam results / new job, etc (not Congratulation on …)5small talkBritish people often begin polite conversations by talking about the weather.'Nice day, isn't it?''Lovely.'6getting people's attentionExcuse me! is commonly used to attract somebody's attention, or to call a waiter in a restaurant. We do not normally say Excuse me, sir/madam (326.2 b).7apologiesBritish people say Excuse me before interrupting or disturbing somebody, and Sorry after doing so. Compare:Excuse me. Could I get past? Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?Americans also use Excuse me to apologise after disturbing somebody.I beg your pardon is a more formal way of saying 'Sorry'.I beg your pardon. I didn't realise this was your seat.8asking people to repeatIf people do not hear or understand what is said, they may say Sorry? (BrE), What? (informal, not very polite), (I beg your) pardon? or Pardon me? (AmE).'Mike's on the phone.''Sorry?''I said Mike's on the phone.''See you tomorrow.''What?''See you tomorrow.''You're going deaf.''I beg your pardon?'9journeys, etcCommon ways of wishing people a good journey are:Have a good/nice trip.Have a good journey. (BrE)Safe journey home. (BrE)After a journey (for example when we meet people at the airport or station), we may say:Did you have a good journey/trip/flight?How was the journey/trip/flight?If somebody is leaving for an evening out or some kind of pleasant event, people might say Have a good time! or Enjoy yourself! (especially in American English sometimes just Enjoy!). Good luck! is used before examinations or other difficult or dangerous events.When people return home, their friends or family may say Welcome back/home.10holidaysBefore somebody starts a holiday, we may say:Have a good/nice holiday (AmE … vacation). or Have a good/nice time.When the holiday is over, we may say:Did you have a good/nice holiday/vacation?11mealsWe do not have fixed expressions for the beginnings and ends of meals. It is common for guests or family members to say something complimentary about the food during the meal (for example This is very nice), and after (for example That was lovely/delicious; thank you very much). Some religious people say 'grace' (a short prayer) before and after meals. Waiters often say Enjoy your meal or just Enjoy after serving a customer.For the names of meals, 330.12drinkingWhen people begin drinking alcoholic drinks socially, they often raise their glasses and say something. Common expressions are Cheers! (BrE) and Your health! (AmE also To your health). When we drink to celebrate an occasion (such as a birthday, a wedding or a promotion), we often say Here's to …!Here's to Lily!Here's to the new job!Here's to the happy couple!13sending good wishesTypical expressions are Give my best wishes/regards/greetings/love to X, Remember me to X, Say hello to X for me. When the wishes are passed on, common expressions are X sends his/her best wishes/regards, etc, X says hello.14sympathyCommon formulae in letters of sympathy (for example on somebody's death) are I was very/terribly/extremely sorry to hear about … and Please accept my deepest sympathy.15invitations and visitsInvitations often begin:Would you like to …?Possible replies:Thank you very/so much. That would be very nice/lovely. (formal)Thanks, that would be great. (informal)Sorry. I'm afraid I'm not free.It is normal to thank people for hospitality at the moment of leaving their places.Thank you very/so much. That was a wonderful evening.16offers and repliesOffers often begin Would you like …? or Can/May I get/offer you …? (more formal). Offers to do things for people can begin Would you like me to …?, Can/May I …? or Shall I …? (mainly BrE). Typical replies are Yes, please; No, thank you; Thanks, I'd love some; I'd love to; That's very nice/kind of you.Note that thank you can be used for accepting as well as refusing.17asking for thingsWe normally ask for things by using yes/no questions. (310).Could you lend me a pen? (not Please lend me a pen.)18handing over thingsWe do not have an expression which is automatically used when we hand over things. We sometimes say Here you are, especially when we want to attract people's attention to the fact that we are passing something to them.'Have you got a map of London?''I think so. Yes, here you are.''Thanks.'There you go is also possible in this situation, especially in AmE.19thanksCommon ways of thanking people are:Thank you.Thank you very much.Thanks. (informal)Thanks very much / a lot. (not Thank you a lot.)Cheers. (informal BrE)Thank you so much.Possible replies to thanks are:Not at all. (formal)Don't mention it.That's OK. (informal)You're welcome.That's (quite) all right.No problem. (informal)Note that British people do not always reply to thanks, especially thanks for small things.For more information about thanking and the use of please, 556.20sleepWhen somebody goes to bed, people often say Sleep well. In the morning, we may ask Did you sleep well? or How did you sleep?For expressions used when telephoning, 331.Previous Next |
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英语用法大全包含1354条英语用法指南，基本涵盖了全部常用英文词汇及语法点的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。