释义 |
Contents overview spelling and pronunciationWord Formation and Spelling351 spelling and pronunciationIn many English words, the spelling is different from the pronunciation. This is mainly because our pronunciation has changed a good deal over the last few hundred years, while our spelling system has stayed more or less the same. Here is a list of some difficult common words with their pronunciations.1usually two syllables, not threeThe letters in brackets are usually not pronounced.asp(i)rinbus(i)nesschoc(o)latediff(e)rentev(e)ryev(e)ningmarri(a)gemed(i)cine (AmE three syllables)om(e)letterest(au)rantsev(e)ral2usually three syllables, not fourThe letters in brackets are usually not pronounced.comf(or)tableint(e)restingsecret(a)ry (AmE four syllables)temp(e)ratureus(u)allyveg(e)table3silent lettersThe letters in brackets are not pronounced.clim(b) com(b) de(b)t dou(b)t dum(b)mus(c)lehan(d)kerchief san(d)wich We(d)nesdaychampa(g)ne forei(g)n si(g)nborou(gh) bou(gh)t cau(gh)t dau(gh)ter hei(gh)t hi(gh) li(gh)t mi(gh)t nei(gh)bour ni(gh)t ou(gh)t ri(gh)t strai(gh)t thou(gh)t throu(gh) ti(gh)t wei(gh)w(h)at w(h)en w(h)ere w(h)ether w(h)ich w(h)ip w(h)y and similarly in other words beginning wha, whe or whi. (Some speakers use an unvoiced /w/ in these words.)(h)onest (h)onour (h)our(k)nee (k)nife (k)nob (k)nock (k)now and similarly in other words beginning kn.ca(l)m cou(l)d ha(l)f sa(l)mon shou(l)d ta(l)k wa(l)k wou(l)d autum(n) hym(n)(p)neumatic (p)sychiatrist (p)sychology (p)sychotherapy (p)terodactyl and similarly in other words beginning pn, ps or pt.cu(p)board /ˈkʌbəd/i(s)land i(s)lecas(t)le Chris(t)mas fas(t)en lis(t)en of(t)en whis(t)le (Often can also be pronounced /ˈɒftən/.)g(u)arantee g(u)ard g(u)errilla g(u)ess g(u)est g(u)ide g(u)ilt g(u)itar g(u)y(w)rap (w)rite (w)rong(w)ho (w)hom (w)hore (w)hose (w)hole4a = /e/anymanyThames /temz/5ch = /k/achearchaeologyarchitectchaoscharacterchemistChristmasmechanicalMichaelstomach6ea = /e/alreadybreadbreakfastdeaddeathdreadfuldreamtheadhealthheavyinsteadlead (the metal)leantleathermeantmeasurepleasantpleasureread (past)readysteadysweaterthreattreadweather7ea = /eɪ/breakgreatsteak8gh = /f/cough /kɒf/rough /rʌf/draught /drɑːft/tough /tʌf/enough /ɪˈnʌf/laugh /lɑːf/9o = /ʌ/abovebrothercolourcomecomfortablecompanycoverdonefrontglovegovernmenthoneyLondonlovelovelyMondaymoneymonthmothernonenothingonceoneonionotherovensomesonstomachton(ne)tonguewonwonderworry10o = /uː/loseproveto11ou = /ʌ/countrycouplecousindoubleenoughroughtoughtroubleyoung12u or ou = /ʊ/bullbulletbushbutchercouldcushionfullpullpushputshouldwould13words pronounced with /aɪ/biologybuydialheightideaironmicrophonesciencesocietyeither (some British speakers)neither (some British speakers)14other strange spellingsarea /ˈeəriə/Australia /ɒsˈtreɪliə/bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪkl/biscuit /ˈbɪskɪt/blood /blʌd/brooch /brəʊtʃ/business /ˈbɪznɪs/busy /ˈbɪzi/clothes /kləʊðz/does /dʌz/doesn't /ˈdʌz(ə)nt/Edinburgh /ˈedɪnbrə/Europe /ˈjʊərəp/foreign /ˈfɒrən/friend /frend/fruit /fruːt/heard /hɜːd/heart /hɑːt/juice /dʒuːs/Leicester /ˈlestə/minute /ˈmɪnɪt/moustache /məˈstɑːʃ/ (AmE mustache /ˈmʌstæʃ, məˈstæʃ/)once /wʌns/one /wʌn/queue /kjuː/two /tu:/woman /ˈwʊmən/women /ˈwɪmɪn/Worcester /ˈwʊstə/ 15silent rIn standard southern British English, r is not normally pronounced before a consonant or at the end of a word.hard /hɑːd/car /kɑː/first /fɜːst/four /fɔː/order /ˈɔːdə/more /mɔː/But r is pronounced at the end of a word if a vowel follows immediately.four islands /ˈfɔːr ˈaɪləndz/more eggs /ˈmɔːr ˈegz/Note the pronunciation of iron, and of words ending in -re and -ered.iron /aɪən/ (AmE /ˈaɪǝrn/)centre /ˈsentə(r)/theatre /ˈθɪətə(r)/ (AmE /ˈθi:ətər/)wondered /ˈwʌndəd/bothered /ˈbɒðəd/We often add /r/ after words ending in the sound /ə/ even when this is not written with r, if another vowel follows immediately.India and Africa /ˈɪndɪər ənd ˈæfrɪkə/In most varieties of American English, and in many regional British accents, r is pronounced whenever it is written.Previous Next |