These words refer to the revealing or expressing of one’s true thoughts of feelings. Candid can refer generally to a forthright manner or statement, but the word has been heavily influenced by its related use to refer to impromptu or unposed photographs; a candid camera is one suitable for taking such pictures. Consequently, the word has acquired overtones pertaining to natural, informal and unrehearsed statements as well: he agreed to give his candid opinion if his name weren’t mentioned in the news story. Frank can also apply in a general way, but it is most often used to describe statements: a frank admission of guilt. In positive use, it can indicate an admirable openness and sincerity, but sometimes it can apply less favourably to someone who is unnecessarily blunt or flat-footed about things, despite other people’s feelings: her frank disapproval of the way they had furnished their living room.

Bluff sometimes stresses this last possibility of frank , indicating a direct manner or blunt statements that show no consciousness of or consideration for the vulnerabilities of other people: a bluff sergeant-major teasing the men who didn’t pass inspection. The word more often applies to men than women, and now usually means blunt in a good-natured way: a lovable, bluff old curmudgeon.

Ingenuous can refer descriptively to a lack of guile, but more often it can also suggest a person who is simple or unaware to the point of gullibility: She gave ingenuous answers to all the stranger’s question. The word frequently applies more to manner or disposition than to individual statements.