These words are related in meaning in that they denote in this context qualities or traits that are highly desirable and praiseworthy. Merit refers to attributes that are commendable, though not necessarily superior, and may be predicated to that which has more favourable than unfavourable qualities: His first novel, sketchy and immature as it is, does have merit . When merit is qualified by a negative word, it tends to emphasize a preponderance of unfavourable characteristics rather than the presence of only a few.

• As a work of serious scholarship in the field of history, the work has little merit ; Her singing is totally without merit .

Excellence denotes qualities that are superior to an unusual degree, and is much stronger and more positive in concept than merit . However, since the word does not indicate perfection, it is sometimes modified by an intensifying adjective.

• The particular excellence of her cooking lies in her skilful blending of spices; We were impressed by the technical excellence of his draughtsmanship.

According to the meanings limited to these words as a group, value and worth have the sense of intrinsic excellence . Value , however, points to characteristics regarded highly for their usefulness: the value of a sensible diet in maintaining good health; the value to a medical student of thorough undergraduate training in the biological and physical sciences. Worth , on the other hand, applies to things that are esteemed more for their own sake than for their utility: the great worth of a long, close friendship; the worth of being able to take pleasure in small things.

Virtue , which in this sense has nothing to do with morality, is applied to qualities that give a person or thing its value or worth .

• The great virtue of air travel is speed; Although this house lacks the virtue of architectural beauty, it is well planned and comfortable to live in.