词组 | a |
释义 | 英美人几乎不用思考就能正确地使用不定冠词; 而对于中国人来说 ( 尤其是初学者) ,这并非易事。但具体用法还是有章可循,简述如下。 1. 元音音素前用 an: an eye an island an umbrella 2. 在字母、首字母缩略词或数字前如何使用冠词,要视它们的发音而定。 1) 辅音音素前用 a: a university a day's trip 2) 当 h 不发音、发弱音或书写时,a 与 an 都可以使用: a / an historical novel 3) 但是在说话时,不管 h 是否发音,多用 a; 但英格兰人在说话时,a、an 两者都有使用的: a / an hotel 4) 在现代英语的书写和说话时,a 有时用在发强音的 h 前面: a hundred 3. a 与 one 同源,意为 “一个”,可与可数名词单数连用,表示某一类东西或人: a house a leader 4. 表示职称、头衔、等级、称呼的名词与人名连用时,不用 a / an: Premier Zhu Professor Smith Colonel Brown 5. crossroads 前面应该用 a,因为交叉路的英语释义是 a place where two or more roads cross each other( 一个两条或多条道路交叉的地方) ,是将它作为一个整体 ( 一个地方) 来看待的。 6. 抽象名词如在使用者头脑里是想表示 “一回事”时,可用 a / an: Europe was in ferment. ( ferment 抽象,泛指,前面不用 a) The students' protest against the reactionary authorities was in a ferment. ( ferment 在说话者头脑中是一件具体的事,前面用 a) 7. yes 和 no 前是否加 a / an? 1) 在表示完整的、普通意义上的 yes 或 no 时,可以不用 a / an: I often say yes; however, this time I must say no. 2 ) 当 yes 或 no 被形容词修饰限定或用来修饰其他名词时,就有了特殊意义,这时可作为可数名词,用 a / an 来修饰: a hesitating no an affirmative no 1 His answer is a firm no. 3) 有复数形式: There were more noes and yeses to the proposal. 8. 可数名词前可用 a / an: a worker a cat a house 9. 不可数名词( 如表示一般概念时的抽象名词和物质名词) 前一般不可用 a / an: Iraq is rich in oil. The girl is studying music. He has received information that the spy may have left the city. 10. 一般来说,有复数形式的名词前可以加 a / an: a teacher an hour 1) teacher 和 hour 都有复数形式,所以它们的单数形式前可加 a / an。 2) 有些习惯上没有复数形式的名词前可以加也可以不加 a / an: I gazed at her in admiration. She has a unique admiration for the progress made in China. You need six more courses in ed- ucation to get your teacher's cer- tificate. He had a college education. He was filled with joy at the thought of seeing his wife. My kids are a great joy to me. 3) 这样看来,不可数名词前是否加 a / an 要视具体情况而定,一般来说,这类名词若有表示程度等特殊意义的形容词修饰,则可以用不定冠词来修饰: She has a detailed knowledge of this period. ( a detailed knowl- edge 指具体的知识) Knowledge is power. ( 这里的 knowledge 是一般意义上的知识) 11. 在一些习惯短语中,即便名词是复数形式,其前面也可出现 a / an: a myriad stars We've lived here for a good many years. He was asked a great many ques- tions. 12. 少数表示学科、游戏、疾病、物体等名词,形式上是复数,但意义上是单数,它们前面可用 a / an: There is a scissors on the table. There is a barracks near our house. It is an effective means for finding qualified job applicants. It is a bellows made out of a goat skin. A gallows is a wooden frame used to execute criminals by hanging. A lion is a species of mammal. A headquarters has been estab- lished near the village. A series of traffic accidents was reported last week. A steel works is being planned. 13. 专有名词前有时也可用 a / an, 泛指一类人物、事物中的一个: a Santa Claus ( 指一位圣诞老人的扮演者) a Henry Levin( 指许多 Henry Lev- in 中的一个 Henry Levin) 2 a new Pudong ( 与 an old Pudong 相对而言) a modern Shanghai ( 与 an old Shanghai 相对而言) He has bought a Buick. ( Buick 是专用名词,不可数,但这里指许多 Buick cars 中的一辆,可数) 14. 一些省略的专有名词前有时也可用 a / an: a Watergate ( 即 a Watergate Scandal, a political scandal like the Watergate Affair) Do you have a Longman ? ( 即 a Longman dictionary) She has a Lenovo. ( 即 She has a Lenovo computer. ) 15. 不少表示食物饮料等的名词在现代英语中不可数,但表示“一份( 该种食物 )”时可数,前面可加 a / an: We have tea at five. She likes a green tea. Brazil exports a lot of coffee. Three teas and a coffee,please. A black coffee and a white coffee, please. 16. 个别副词和形容词,其形看似最高级,实际上并非如此。当它们修饰名词时,前面可以用 a / an: It's a most enjoyable party. It's a best seller. |
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