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词组 a
释义 英美人几乎不用思考就能正确地使用不定冠词; 而对于中国人来说 ( 尤其是初学者) ,这并非易事。但具体用法还是有章可循,简述如下。
1. 元音音素前用 an:
an eye
an island
an umbrella
2. 在字母、首字母缩略词或数字前如何使用冠词,要视它们的发音而定。
1) 辅音音素前用 a:
a university
a day's trip
2) 当 h 不发音、发弱音或书写时,a
与 an 都可以使用:
a / an historical novel
3) 但是在说话时,不管 h 是否发音,多用 a; 但英格兰人在说话时,a、an
两者都有使用的:
a / an hotel
4) 在现代英语的书写和说话时,a 有时用在发强音的 h 前面:
a hundred
3. a 与 one 同源,意为 “一个”,可与可数名词单数连用,表示某一类东西或人:
a house
a leader
4. 表示职称、头衔、等级、称呼的名词与人名连用时,不用 a / an:
Premier Zhu
Professor Smith
Colonel Brown
5. crossroads 前面应该用 a,因为交叉路的英语释义是 a place where
two or more roads cross each
other( 一个两条或多条道路交叉的地方) ,是将它作为一个整体 ( 一个地方) 来看待的。
6. 抽象名词如在使用者头脑里是想表示 “一回事”时,可用 a / an:
Europe was in ferment. ( ferment
抽象,泛指,前面不用 a)
The students' protest against the
reactionary authorities was in a
ferment. ( ferment 在说话者头脑中是一件具体的事,前面用 a)
7. yes 和 no 前是否加 a / an?
1) 在表示完整的、普通意义上的 yes
或 no 时,可以不用 a / an:
I often say yes; however, this
time I must say no.
2 ) 当 yes 或 no 被形容词修饰限定或用来修饰其他名词时,就有了特殊意义,这时可作为可数名词,用 a /
an 来修饰:
a hesitating no
an affirmative no
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His answer is a firm no.
3) 有复数形式:
There were more noes and yeses
to the proposal.
8. 可数名词前可用 a / an:
a worker
a cat
a house
9. 不可数名词( 如表示一般概念时的抽象名词和物质名词) 前一般不可用 a / an:
Iraq is rich in oil.
The girl is studying music.
He has received information that
the spy may have left the city.
10. 一般来说,有复数形式的名词前可以加 a / an:
a teacher
an hour
1) teacher 和 hour 都有复数形式,所以它们的单数形式前可加 a / an。
2) 有些习惯上没有复数形式的名词前可以加也可以不加 a / an:
I gazed at her in admiration.
She has a unique admiration for
the progress made in China.
You need six more courses in ed-
ucation to get your teacher's cer-
tificate.
He had a college education.
He was filled with joy at the
thought of seeing his wife.
My kids are a great joy to me.
3) 这样看来,不可数名词前是否加 a
/ an 要视具体情况而定,一般来说,这类名词若有表示程度等特殊意义的形容词修饰,则可以用不定冠词来修饰:
She has a detailed knowledge of
this period. ( a detailed knowl-
edge 指具体的知识)
Knowledge is power. ( 这里的
knowledge 是一般意义上的知识)
11. 在一些习惯短语中,即便名词是复数形式,其前面也可出现 a / an:
a myriad stars
We've lived here for a good many
years.
He was asked a great many ques-
tions.
12. 少数表示学科、游戏、疾病、物体等名词,形式上是复数,但意义上是单数,它们前面可用 a / an:
There is a scissors on the table.
There is a barracks near our
house.
It is an effective means for finding
qualified job applicants.
It is a bellows made out of a goat
skin.
A gallows is a wooden frame used
to execute criminals by hanging.
A lion is a species of mammal.
A headquarters has been estab-
lished near the village.
A series of traffic accidents was
reported last week.
A steel works is being planned.
13. 专有名词前有时也可用 a / an,
泛指一类人物、事物中的一个:
a Santa Claus ( 指一位圣诞老人的扮演者)
a Henry Levin( 指许多 Henry Lev-
in 中的一个 Henry Levin)
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a new Pudong ( 与 an old Pudong
相对而言)
a modern Shanghai ( 与 an old
Shanghai 相对而言)
He has bought a Buick. ( Buick 是专用名词,不可数,但这里指许多
Buick cars 中的一辆,可数)
14. 一些省略的专有名词前有时也可用 a / an:
a Watergate ( 即 a Watergate
Scandal, a political scandal like
the Watergate Affair)
Do you have a Longman ? ( 即 a
Longman dictionary)
She has a Lenovo. ( 即 She has a
Lenovo computer. )
15. 不少表示食物饮料等的名词在现代英语中不可数,但表示“一份( 该种食物 )”时可数,前面可加 a /
an:
We have tea at five.
She likes a green tea.
Brazil exports a lot of coffee.
Three teas and a coffee,please.
A black coffee and a white coffee,
please.
16. 个别副词和形容词,其形看似最高级,实际上并非如此。当它们修饰名词时,前面可以用 a / an:
It's a most enjoyable party.
It's a best seller.
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更新时间:2024/10/30 12:22:21