| 释义 |
by ： on account of — 190
表达理由和原因，两者可以通用，但在用法上前者这个介词可以引导动名词短语和名词，而后者这个短语介词则只能引导名词。
例如：“ Why has he succeeded? ”—“ By being diligent and persevering. ”“他为什么会成功？”——“由于勤快和恒心。”（回答由 why 提问的疑问句，要用 by 来引导动名词短语）
“ How has he succeeded? ”—“ By diligence and perseverance. ”
“他是怎样成功的？”——“是靠勤快和恒心。”（回答由 how 提问的疑问句，要用 by 来引导名词）
比较：
But Tom was criticized by neglecting his duty. 但汤姆因玩忽职守而挨了批评。
But Tom was criticized on account of his negligence of duty.
但汤姆因玩忽职守而挨了批评。
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