| 词组 | damage |
| 释义 | damage Damage is one of several verbs which refer to ways of causing injury or harm. Damage and harm are the most general verbs. It is important for a child to learn that one should not damage someone else's property. Too much detergent cannot harm a fabric, so long as it has been properly dissolved. ◊ severe damage The following verbs refer to severe damage or harm of a general kind: destroy, devastate, mangle, mutilate, pull apart, ravage, ruin, vandalize, wreck The statue was destroyed. Low-lying land is flooded and ruined. Defile and desecrate are used to refer to damage done to something precious, pure, or sacred. They began to find their places of worship desecrated with blood and mud. ◊ damage to someone's body The following verbs refer to damage done to a person's body: bruise, injure, stab, wound Every year thousands of people are injured in accidents at work. During the war he had been wounded in Africa. Injure and wound are the most general terms, although wound is used mainly to refer to injuries caused in fighting. If someone is bruised, their skin is not broken but a purple mark appears. People are stabbed with something pointed, such as a knife. See also entries at ↑ ◊ spoiling The following verbs refer to acts which spoil the appearance or surface of something: deface, discolour, disfigure, mark, scar, smear, smudge, spoil, stain He was strongly cautioned against defacing the walls with obscenities. When he untied the bundle in his kitchen, there were five oily guns staining the white cloth. Deface, disfigure, mark, and spoil are the most general terms. ◊ cutting The following verbs are used to refer to damage done with a knife, axe, or other sharp instrument: cut, chop, gash, hack, lacerate, lop off, nick, pierce, score, scratch, sever, slash, slice, slit Their clothes were slashed to ribbons. The wire had been neatly severed. If you cut, chop, hack, lop, slash, or slice part of something off, you remove it. Most of my hair had to be cut off. Only lop has to be used with 'off'; you can use the other five verbs without 'off' to refer to damage that does not remove part of the object. You can also sever part of something. Sever is a formal word. One constable's hand was severed by a sword blow. If you score or scratch something, you make a thin line in its surface. If you nick something, you make a small cut in it. The other verbs refer to bigger or deeper cuts. ◊ dividing into pieces The following verbs refer to dividing something hard by force into two or more pieces, or dividing one part of it from another: break, chip, crack, fracture, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split Doors and windows were smashed with sledgehammers. The lorries cracked and ruined the roads. If you chip or splinter something, you break a small piece of it off. If you crack something, a line appears where two parts of it are no longer joined. The other verbs refer to more serious damage. You tear, rip, or shred cloth or paper. She took the cheque and tore it into pieces. A twig ripped a hole in my sleeve. You burst something that is completely full of air or liquid, such as a balloon. If you crumble, crush, or pulverize something, you press it so that it becomes a mass of small pieces. I crumbled bread in my hands. ...after the rocks had been crushed, heated, and chemically processed. ◊ changing the shape The following verbs refer to acts which damage something by changing its shape: bend, crumple, dent, flatten, squash, twist He crumpled each picture and threw it on the floor. The large bronze urns were dented beyond restoring. Crush can also be used with this meaning when you are talking about cloth or paper. Her dress had got crushed. |
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