| 词组 | if |
| 释义 | if ◊ possible situations You use if to introduce a conditional clause in which you mention a possible situation. If a tap is dripping, it needs a new washer. If you can thread a needle, you can mend a fuse. You can use if to mention a situation that might exist in the future. In the conditional clause, you use the simple present tense. You do not use the future tense. If all goes well, Voyager II will head on to Uranus. If nuclear weapons are employed in a world war, the world will be destroyed. You sometimes use if in a conditional clause to suggest that someone does something. You usually use the simple present tense in the conditional clause. If you look in the middle of the picture, you'll see Mrs Galsworthy. You can use if to mention a situation that sometimes existed in the past. They sat on the grass if it was fine. If it was raining, we usually stayed indoors. You can also use if to mention something that might have happened in the past, but did not in fact happen. In the conditional clause, you use the past perfect tense. You do not use the simple past tense. If he had realized that, he would have run away. If she had not married, she would probably have become something special in her field. ◊ unlikely situations You also use if in conditional clauses to mention situations that do not exist, or events that are unlikely to happen. In the conditional clause, you use the simple past tense. You do not use a present tense. The older men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm. If I frightened them, they might take off and I would never see them again. When the subject of the conditional clause is 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it', 'there', or a singular noun, it is generally considered correct to use were in the clause instead of 'was'. If I were in his circumstances, I would do the same thing. As regards absolute proof, there is none. If there were, it would be a bad sign. If education were even better organized, there would be no complaint about the content or level of work required. However, in conversation people usually use was (except in the expression 'If I were you'). If I was an architect, I'd re-design this house. If it was up there, it would be easier to find. This would still be true if Britain was out of the Community. You can use was or were in conversation, but you should use were in formal writing. ◊ in reported questions If is also used in reported questions. I asked her if I could help her. He inquired if her hair had always been that colour. I wonder if you'd give the children a bath. See entry at ↑ |
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