| 词组 | '-ing' adjectives |
| 释义 | '-ing' adjectives ◊ GRAMMAR A large number of adjectives end in '-ing'. ◊ related to transitive verbs Many '-ing' adjectives have the same form as the present participle of a transitive verb, and are similar in meaning. For example, 'an astonishing fact' is a fact that astonishes you. ...her annoying habit of repeating what I had just said. ...a brilliantly amusing novel. Note that '-ing' adjectives of this kind often describe the person or thing causing a feeling, as in 'a boring lecture', whereas '-ed' adjectives describe the person or thing affected by a feeling, as in 'a bored student'. See entry at ↑ When a transitive verb does not refer to causing a feeling, you can often put the object of the verb in front of the '-ing' form to form a compound adjective. The news was listened to by at least half the German-speaking population. Each colony would be completely self-governing. ◊ related to intransitive verbs Some '-ing' adjectives are related to intransitive verbs. They describe processes, changes, or states. For example, if there is a 'decreasing' number of things, the number of things is getting smaller; an 'existing' law is one which already exists. When an '-ing' word of this kind is used after 'be', it forms part of a continuous tense. The crying made her look so old and vulnerable, like a miserable, sick, ageing monkey. Much of the world's tanker fleet is ageing. ...an increasing amount of leisure time. Efficiency and productivity are increasing. Here is a list of common '-ing' adjectives related to intransitive verbs: ageing, bleeding, booming, bursting, decreasing, diminishing, dwindling, dying, existing, increasing, living, prevailing, recurring, reigning, remaining, resounding, rising ◊ related to verbs but different in meaning A few '-ing' adjectives are related to verbs in form, but have a different meaning from the usual or commonest meaning of the verb. For example, the verb 'dash' usually means 'move quickly', but someone or something that is 'dashing' is stylish and attractive. She kept dashing out of the kitchen to give him a kiss. I used to be told I looked quite dashing. The following adjectives have a different meaning from the verb they appear to be related to: becoming, dashing, disarming, engaging, fetching, halting, promising, retiring, trying ◊ not related to verbs A few '-ing' adjectives are not related to verbs at all. For example, there are no verbs 'to appetize', 'to bald', or 'to scathe'. The following '-ing' adjectives are not related to verbs: appetizing, balding, cunning, enterprising, excruciating, impending, neighbouring, scathing, unwitting ...the appetizing aromas of the dishes I produced for myself. Pitman glanced at the fat, balding man sitting beside him. He launched into a scathing attack on Gates. ◊ used for emphasis in informal speech A small group of '-ing' adjectives are used in informal speech for emphasis: blinking, blithering, blooming, flaming, flipping, raving, stinking, thundering These adjectives are always used in front of a noun, never after a link verb. If you plan to join the others, you might tell your blinking brother. Several of these adjectives are usually used with a particular noun, as shown in the examples below. He's in America, according to that blithering idiot Pete. I knew that I was carrying on a dialogue with a raving lunatic. Nobody must get in here and make a thundering nuisance of themselves. |
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