1. vt. & vi.伸开，展开，摊开　 become wider
2. vt. & vi.传播，散布　 (cause to) become widely known

　～ disease　传播疾病
　～ lime　撒上石灰
　～ the news　播放新闻
　～ the rumours　散布谣言
　～ the table cloth　铺上桌布
　～ the wings　展开翅膀
　～ the word　扬言
　～ breathlessly　匆忙伸开
　～ cautiously　小心翼翼地伸开
　～ conscientiously　诚心诚意地传播
　～ daringly　大胆地传播
　～ dramatically　出人意料地传播
　～ emphatically　重点传播
　～ energetically　充满活力地伸开
　～ eventually　最终展开
　～ extemporaneously　临时地传播
　～ falteringly　犹豫地散布
　～ fully　全面蔓延
　～ gracefully　优雅地伸开
　～ hesitatingly　犹豫不决地伸开
　～ hurriedly　匆匆地传播
　～ ignobly　不光彩地传播
　～ immediately　立即伸开
　～ inadvertently　非故意地展开
　～ ingeniously　巧妙地伸开
　～ insidiously　不知不觉地蔓延
　～ instinctively　本能地传播
　～ moderately　适度传播
　～ mysteriously　秘密地伸开
　～ officially　正式传播
　～ partially　部分展开
　～ peacefully　平静地伸开
　～ philosophically　冷静地伸开
　～ politely　彬彬有礼地伸开
　～ regionally　区域性传播
　～ regularly　定期地传播
　～ religiously　传播宗教
　～ reluctantly　不情愿地传播
　～ ruthlessly　无情地蔓延
　～ satisfactorily　满意地伸开
　～ scathingly　不留情地蔓延
　～ scrupulously　谨慎地伸开
　～ selectively　有选择地传播
　～ spaciously　宽敞地展开
　～ strenuously　艰难地传播
　～ temporarily　暂时伸开
　～ thoughtlessly　轻率地传播
　～ unceremoniously　无礼地伸开
　～ unconsciously　下意识地传播
　～ unhesitatingly　毫不犹豫地展开
　～ usefully　有效地传播
　～ viciously　恶意地传播
　～ voluntarily　自动传播
　～ about　传播，传开去，散放着
　～ about on the desk　（文件）散放在写字台上
　～ the news about　把此消息传出去
　～ around that story　散布传说
　～ out　伸张，铺开，扩展，展开，摊开
　～ out arms　伸开双臂
　～ out fingers　把五指伸开
　～ beyond the walls of the college　传到大学外边
　～ for hundreds of miles　绵延数百英里
　～ from...to　从…传到…
　～ from mouth to mouth　众口流传
　～ on　在…上涂
　～ butter on bread　在面包上涂黄油
　～ over　传遍，遍布，延续，覆盖
　～ over the city　（消息）传遍全城
　～ through the village　传遍全村
　～ to　蔓延到
　～ to the houses nearby　蔓延至附近的居民
　～ to the other buildings 　（大火）蔓延到别的建筑
　～ with　用…涂…
　～ with butter　在…上涂黄油
　～ with jam　用果酱涂…
　～ with wild flowers　野花烂漫

　Its branches spread far and wide.　它的枝条向四面八方伸展开来。
　The afforestation movement rapidly spread.　植树运动迅速展开了。
　Spreading her wings, the bird headed for the island.　鸟儿展开翅膀向岛上飞去。
　Dinner is ready. Spread the tablecloth!　饭好了，请铺上桌布！
　We spread lime where the soil was sour.　土壤酸性大的地方我们就撒上石灰。
　Flies spread disease.　苍蝇传播疾病。
　The radio spread the news as soon as it happened.　事件一发生，收音机里就播放了这条新闻。
　The chief of the police force spread the word that he would put to death all the arrested student representatives.　警察总监扬言要枪毙这些被捕的学生代表。
　The sea, blue and still, was spread before us.　蓝色平静的大海展现在我们面前。
　Fertilizer must be spread evenly.　肥料要施得均匀。
　Please spread me some bread with butter.　请给我的面包上抹一些黄油。
　He spread a blanket for me on the bed.　他为我把毛毯铺在床上。
　Many college students spread themselves thin by taking part in many activities during the semester.　许多学生在一学期里由于参加多种活动而变瘦了。
　Standing up, he unbuckled his belt, and spread it laden across his waist.　他站了起来，解开腰带，带子的一头垂到腰部以下。
　They spread themselves to entertain the visitors.　他们大肆铺张招待来访客人。
　In the room there was a long table spread with candies, biscuits and fruits.　房里有一张长桌子，上面摆满了糖果、饼干和各种水果。
　In the centre, there was a table spread with every luxury.　中间有一张桌子，上面摆满各种各样的高级物品。
　He saw before him a meadow spread with daisies.　他看到面前是一片长满雏菊的草地。

 ♣ spread about〔around〕　(v.+adv.)
　广泛散布　scatter; spread widely
　Would you spread the news about that he is coming?　请你宣布一下他要来的消息好吗?
　The papers were spread about on the desks and even on the floor.　文件散布在桌上，甚至在地板上。
 ♣ spread abroad　(v.+adv.)
　传布，公开　publicize
　Spread it abroad!　把它公开！
　He has spread the news abroad that you are leaving.　他散布一个消息，说你要离开了。
 ♣ spread for　(v.+prep.)
　绵延；伸展　stretch out
　The deposits spread for 100 kilometres across four counties.　这些矿藏绵延一百公里，跨越四个县。
　The top branches of that oak tree spread for forty feet.　那棵橡树的顶部树枝向四周伸展40英尺。
 ♣ spread in　(v.+prep.)
　在…中传开　extend in sth
　The pests spread quickly in these regions.　虫害在这些地区迅速蔓延。
　The news of this accident soon spread in London.　这个事故的消息很快就在伦敦传开。
 ♣ spread on　(v.+prep.)
　在…上铺上　unfold sth on sth
　An old worker spread his padded coat on the floor and insisted that I lie down for a while.　一位老工人把大衣铺在地上，一定要我在上面躺一会儿。
 ♣ spread oneself
　（平直地）舒展　extend; be extravagant
　Tired of running, he spread himself on the ground.　他跑累了，舒展着仰卧在地上。
 ♣ spread out　(v.+adv.)
1. 伸展；延长 extend; stretch
　The wood spread out in all directions.　树木向四面八方延伸。
　A scene of prosperity spreads out before us.　一种欣欣向荣的景象展现在我们面前。
　Spread the cloth out fully.　把布完全地展开。
　The resources are spread out too thin.　资源分布得极为贫乏。
2. 分散；散布 scatter
　Spread out more. Don't bunch up on the centre.　再散开一点，不要都挤在中间。
3. 付清 pay out
　They spread the payments out over three years.　他们分三年把款付清。
　They will spread their payment of the loan out over a long period of time.　他们将用很长时间分期偿还这笔贷款。
 ♣ spread over　(v.+prep.)
　分散；传开　extend over
　The disease spread over the whole country.　这种疾病在全国传播开了。
　She spread her toys all over her room.　她在她屋里到处放玩具。
 ♣ spread throughout　(v.+prep.)
　传遍　propagate; pass on
　News of their victory spread throughout the country.　他们胜利的消息传遍了全国。
 ♣ spread to　(v.+prep.)
　蔓延　extend
　The flames soon spread to the other buildings.　大火很快蔓延到其他建筑物。
　The strike soon spread to other parts of this island country.　罢工不久就蔓延到了这个岛国的所有其他地方。
 ♣ spread with　(v.+prep.)
　用…涂满　extend sth with sth
　Did you spread the bread with butter?　你在面包上抹黄油了吗?

 ♣ spread, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, expand, extend, propagate, radiate
　这组词都有“延伸”“延长”“伸展”“展开”的意思。其区别是：
1. spread指向四面八方扩大范围。
2. circulate指无拘无束地或不间断地传播、散布到各处。例如：
　She opened a window to allow the air to circulate.　她打开窗户使空气流通。
3. disseminate指到处传播思想、理论等。例如：
　They use the press to disseminate right wing views.　他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点。
4. diffuse指光线、声音、气味等在空中传送或散布。例如：
　Light diffused from the window.　光从窗户射进来。
5. extend指延展物体的长度、宽度，延伸或扩大某一事物，以及延长时间、期限等，也指伸开四肢或躯体。例如：
　They extended the road for three more miles.　他们把那条路又延长了三英里多。
　The headmaster extended our holidays by a week.　校长把我们的假期延长了一个星期。
6. expand指扩大面积或体积，也指把合拢的东西放开（即三维）。例如：
　This county has expanded its area under cultivation by more than 50,000 mu.　该县扩大了50,000亩耕地。
　Heat expands metals.　热使金属膨胀。
　He does exercises to expand his chest.　他做体操扩胸。
7. propagate通常指宣传某种信念、看法或传播某种言论，以使更多的人相信或参与。例如：
　We should not only learn knowledge, but also propagate it.　我们不仅应学习知识，而且应传播它。
　The Greek civilization was propagated all over Europe.　希腊文明传播至整个欧洲。
8. radiate指从中心向四面八方散发，是技术用语，特指光或热的辐射。例如：
　The sun radiates light and heat.　太阳放射光和热。
　The electric heater radiated warmth.　电暖器散发出热量。
 ♣ spread, scatter
　这两个词都有“散布”“撒开”的意思。其区别是：
1. spread强调有目的地均匀涂抹、撒开。其宾语可以是具体名词，也可以是抽象名词。
2. scatter强调随意性和无规律性，其宾语则只能是具体名词。例如：
　The police scattered the disorderly crowd.　警察驱散了骚乱的人群。
　The thundershower had temporarily scattered the swimmers.　雷阵雨暂时驱散了游泳的人。
 ♣ 下列各组中的句意相同：
　
　

　计划生育正在广泛推行。
　［误］ Birth control is being widely spread.
　［正］ Birth control is being widely practised.
　［析］ birth control不能与spread搭配，可以改用动词 practise. 也可以用 practice （名词）作主语，用"is+widespread （形容词）”作谓语，例如：
　The practice of birth control is widespread.　另外，“计划生育”还常译作 family planning.

1. S 传播，蔓延　 the act or action of spreading
2. C 幅度，范围　 a range or area over which sth spreads
3. U 涂抹食品的酱　 a soft food for spreading on bread, etc.
4. C 整版的文章，整版的广告　 a newspaper or magazine article or advertisement usually covering one or more pages and with pictures

　The spread of cholera alarmed the whole city.　霍乱流行使全城的人都恐慌起来。
　The spread of disease frightened the villagers.　这种疾病的蔓延吓坏了村民们。
　The new drug arrested the spread of the disease.　这种新药阻止了疾病的蔓延。
　We must try all means to block the spread of the epidemic.　我们必须千方百计地阻止流行病的传播。
　The spread of this bird's wings is 20 feet long.　这只鸟的两只翅膀展开长度是20英尺。
　Our host has fine spread waiting for us.　我们的主人摆了一席精美的酒菜等着我们。
　The sun was now breaking through a fine spread of cloud.　太阳穿透了一层美丽的云彩。
　These are biscuits coated with chocolate spread.　这是一些外层有巧克力酱的饼干。
　I like those cookies that are coated with chocolate spread.　我喜欢那些裹巧克力酱的曲奇。
　Your double-page spread seems rather thin in places; can you fatten it out a little?　你的横贯两版篇幅的文章在篇幅上还是有些单薄，你能再充实一下吗?
　This diagram fits well into the spread.　这张图表放在这广告中非常合适。

　［同义词］ v. circulate, diffuse, disseminate, expand, extend, propagate, radiate n. advance, array, banquet, cover
　［词源］　中古英语spreeden（伸展）