释义 |
by ☞byprep. [baɪ]
双解释义 1. (表示位置)在…近旁;在身边 near 2. (表示时间)不迟于;在…时候 not later than 3. (表示移动方向)从…中经过 passing through or along 4. (表示方式)搭乘,通过;抓住…;靠,采取;就…而论;以…称呼方式;以…的名义;凭着 through the use or means of 5. (表示原因)随…而来 as the result of 6. (表示方位)偏于 inclined to one side 7. (表示环境)借着…光亮 depend upon the light of 8. (表示关涉)经过 passing through 9. (表示程度)以…之差 with disparity of 10. (表示关系)对待 treat 11. (表示依据)根据 in accordance with 12. (表示比率)以…幅度;以…为单位;…比… to the amount or degree of 13. (表示累加)(一个)接着 one by one 14. (表示动作者)被〔由〕;由…创作〔演奏 〕 show the name of the person who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art, etc. 基本要点 1. by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。2. by表示方式(除作“抓住…”解时)或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。3. by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词;作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。4. by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词;作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。5. by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。6. by表示动作者的时候,常用于被动结构。7. by用于被动结构时,既可以引出施动者,也可用来表示做某事的手段。词汇搭配 动词+~ abide ~ 遵守,履行 adopt ~ acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过 brush ~ 触到,擦及 carry ~ acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过 catch sb ~ surprise 使某人吃惊,使惊异,使感到意外 characterize ~ 以…为特征 clap sb ~ the heels 给某人上镣铐;把某人逮捕入狱 come ~ (尤指通过努力)得到,获得;偶然得到 deal ~ 对待 die ~ one's own hand 自杀 divide ~ 除 do ~ 待,对待 do ~ halves 做…半途而废 do right ~ sb 公平地对待某人,给某人应有的评价 drop ~ the wayside 半途而废,中途退出 escape ~ the skin of one's teeth 死里逃生 fall ~ the wayside 半途而废,中途退出 fall together ~ the ears 扭打起来;争吵起来 get ~ 通过障碍 get sb ~ the short hairs 控制住某人,使某人就范 get the wrong sow ~ the ear 弄错了人(或事),得出错误结论 go ~ 从…经过 go ~ default 没有,缺乏;因疏忽(或未该做的事)而致丧失 go ~ the board 从外侧落出;被遗忘,被忽视;落空 go ~ the book 遵照规章行事 go ~ the name of 用…的名字 go ~ the wayside 被撇在一边,被搁置,被抛弃 grab time ~ the forelock 抓住时机 hang ~ a hair 千钧一发;岌岌可危;摇摇欲坠 hang ~ a thread 千钧一发,岌岌可危 hang ~ the wall 被搁置不用,被打入冷宫 hang (on) ~ the eyelids 千钧一发 have a bear ~ the tail 遇到难以应付(或控制)的事情 have a tiger ~ the tail 遇到劲敌;处境比预料的困难 have a wolf ~ the ears 处于危急境地 have sb ~ the short hairs 控制住某人,使某人就范 hold ~ 坚持;遵守;接受;赞成 intoxicate sb ~ 醉;陶醉于 judge ~ 按…判断,断定,认为 know ~ sight 与…只是面熟(并不熟识) lead sb ~ the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走;完全控制某人 lie ~ 躺在…旁边 live ~ one's wits 靠耍花招(或耍小聪明)骗人过日子 lay ~ 放在…旁边 lay sb ~ the heels 把某人逮捕下狱;推翻某人;挫败某人 live ~ 以…为生计;遵守,遵循 lose ~ 因…遭受损失,因…而吃亏 mean well ~ sb 对某人怀有好意 measure another's corn ~ one's own bushel 以己度人 measure another's (man's) foot ~ one's own last 以己度人 miss ~ a mile 远远没有击中,完全离谱;遭到惨败,完全不成功 oblige sb ~ 为某人效劳,帮忙 pass ~ 经过,从…旁走过 play it ~ ear 根据情形行动,即时应付 profit ~ 得益 pull up ~ the roots 连根拔起 push ~ 赶上;超越 repay...~ 以…酬报,回报 replace...~ 以…替代〔置换〕 seize time ~ the forelock 抓住时机 set ~ 尊重,重视 set ~ the ears 使争吵 set sb ~ the heels 给某人上镣铐;把某人逮捕入狱 sit ~ 坐在…旁边 sit ~ nelly 跟别人学着做 sth to remember sb ~ 供别人记住某人的东西,别人赖以记住某人的东西;让某人记住某人厉害的一顿揍 speak ~ the card 说话精确 stand ~ 支持或帮助;信守(诺言等) stand ~ one's side 站在某人的旁边,道义上支持某人 stick ~ 忠于,对…真心;坚持,维护(原则等) swear ~ 极其信赖;凭…发誓,以…名义发誓 take an occasion ~ the forelock 抓住时机 take an opportunity ~ the forelock 抓住时机 take ~ 抓住(某物或某人的部位) take...~ storm 攻占,袭击;使倾倒,使神魂颠倒 take ~ surprise 使吃惊,使感到意外;奇袭,使措手不及 take sb ~ the short hairs 控制住某人,使某人就范 take the bull ~ the horns 大胆地对付困难(或危险) take time ~ the forelock 抓住时机 tell ~ 根据…判断〔推断〕 vote ~ acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过 what do you mean ~...? 你说(或做…)是什么意思?你怎么胆敢…?你凭什么竟敢…? win ~ a short head (赛马时)仅以一个马头的距离获胜,以极小的差别获胜,险胜动词+名词+~ do the handsome〔decent〕 thing ~ 宽厚地〔亲切地,慷慨地〕对待 set one's eyes〔an eye〕 ~ 喜爱,看重~+名词 as if ~ magic 立即,飞快地,快得(或好得)令人难以置信的 ~ a canvas 以毫厘之差 ~ a hair's breadth (以)极少的数量或极短的距离;险些,间不容发地 ~ a long way 远远地,大大地 ~ a neck (赛马中)以一颈之差(获胜或失利) ~ a nose 以少许之差 ~ a short head (赛马)以不到一个马头的距离;以极少的量 ~ a street 以悬殊(或差距),大幅度地 ~ accident 偶然,意外地 ~ accident of 凭机遇;靠命运 ~ agency of 由于…;通过… ~ air 坐飞机 ~ (all 或long)odds大大(胜过),远远(超过) ~ all accounts 据说;根据报道 ~ all appearances 显然;外表上 ~ all manner of means 用一切手段;好的;当然 ~ all means 用一切手段;好的;当然 ~ an eyelash 差点儿不,几乎不 ~ analogy 用类推的方法 ~ any chance 或许;可能 ~ any means 用任何可能的办法,不惜任何代价,无论如何 ~ any manner of means 用任何可能的办法,不惜任何代价,无论如何 ~ any possibility 以任何可能的方法 ~ any stretch of the imagination 尽管怎样想象,任凭如何异想天开 ~ avocation 副业是 ~ auction 拍卖 ~ appointment 约定 ~ birth 出身 ~ blood 按血统 ~ chance 偶然 ~ choice 如果必须选择的话;凭爱好 ~ coincidence 巧合 ~ common consent 经一致同意 ~ comparison (with) 与…比较起来;通过比较 ~ contract 承包 ~ contraries 与预期的相反;与逻辑相违背;相反地 ~ contrast 相比之下 ~ course of 按…的惯例 ~ courtesy of 承蒙许可;承蒙好意 ~ crack 哎呀,我的天哪 ~ day 白天 ~ default 因对方、他队等未出场 ~ definition 根据定义;实质上 ~ degrees 逐渐地 ~ dint of 借…的力量,凭借;由于 ~ ear 凭听觉 ~ easy stages 途中有停歇地,行行歇歇地,从容不迫地 ~ fair means or foul 用正当或不正当的手段,不择手段地 ~ fits (and starts) 一阵一阵地;间歇地 ~ force 用武力 ~ force of 凭借,由于;以…手段 ~ good luck 侥幸 ~ goods 用货车装运 ~ guess 凭猜测 ~ guess and ~ God 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计 ~ guess and ~ Godfrey 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计 ~ guess and ~ gosh 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计 ~ guess and ~ golly 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计 ~ half 到极大程度,大大地 ~ halves 部分地,不完善地;半心半意地,不太热心地 ~ hand 人工的;捎来的 ~ heart 熟记 ~ heaven 哎呀,天哪 ~ hook or ~ crook 用种种方法;不择手段地 ~ ill luck 不巧 ~ implication 含蓄地;暗示地 ~ inches 差一点儿 ~ instinct 凭本能 ~ leaps and bounds 极其迅速地 ~ lease 以租借方式 ~ long chalk(s) 远远地,大大地,在很大程度上 ~ main strength 以全力,靠全身力气 ~ marriage 通过姻亲关系 ~ means of 用… ~ mistake 弄错 ~ my faith 我担保,千真万确 ~ my troth 我保证 ~ name 名为;名叫 ~ nature 天生 ~ necessity of circumstances 由于客观情况需要,为情势所迫 ~ night 在夜里,趁黑夜 ~ no manner of means 一点也不;决不 ~ no means 一点也不;决不 not ~ a long chalk 完全没有,一点也不 not ~ a long shot 远不,根本不 not ~ a long sight 远非;一点也不 ~ number 按数字,根据号码 ~ numbers 按数量上的优势 ~ occasion of 因为,由于 ~ one's own admission 自己所承认 ~ one's own fair hand 亲手,亲自 ~ one's (own) bootstrap 依靠自己的力量,自力更生地 ~ one's (own) lights 按照自己的能力 ~ order of 奉某人之命;按某人的命令 ~ origin 按出身 ~ post 邮寄 ~ profession 职业是 ~ rail 由铁路,用火车 ~ reason of 由于,因为 ~ reason that 因为,由于 ~ reputation 由名声 ~ repute 由名声 ~ request (of) 就(…的)要求(或请求) ~ retail 零售 ~ return 由最近一班回程邮递 ~ return of post 由最近一班回程邮递 ~ return of mail 由最近一班回程邮递 ~ right of 因为,由于 ~ rights 按理说;基于正当或合法的权利 ~ road 由公路 ~ rote 凭记忆 ~ rule 按规则 ~ rule and line 精确地,精密地 ~ sea 由海路 ~ sight 仅识其面 ~ some means or other 用某种方法 ~ the book 严格按规则 ~ the by 顺便提一句 ~ the bye 顺便提一句 ~ the day 按日 ~ the dozen 按打;成打的(地) ~ the ears 不和,在争吵中 ~ (the) favour of 烦请…面交 ~ the grace of 承蒙天恩 ~ the gross 大宗地,大量地;以批发方式 ~ the hands of 经由的…的手 ~ the head 船头吃水比船尾深的;微醉 ~ the holy poke 一定 ~ the light of nature 天生的;自然而然地 ~ the job 按每件工作 ~ the look(s) of 照…看来 ~ the name of 称作;叫做 ~ the numbers 按口令 ~ the piece 按件(或个等)计算 ~ the same token 同样地;同理 ~ the sea 在海边,在海滨 ~ the seat of one's pants 凭感觉,凭本能,凭经验 ~ the side of 在…旁边,在…附近 ~ the skin of one's teeth 仅;刚刚 ~ the square 精确地,确切地 ~ the stern 艉部吃水较深地,后倾地 ~ the sweat of one's brow 靠自己辛勤劳动 ~ the sweat of one's face 靠自己辛勤劳动 ~ the way 在路上,顺便问一下 ~ the yard 冗长地,没完没了地 ~ thumb 以免费搭车方式 ~ trade 职业是 ~ trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索 ~ turns 轮流 ~ virtue of 凭借 ~ vocation 职业是 ~ water 乘船,由水路 ~ way of 经由 ~ weight 按重量,根据重量 ~ wholesale 批发 ~ wire 用电报 ~ word of mouth 口头上 ~ your leave 请允许我;对不起 not ~ any means 决不 not ~ any manner of means 决不 too...~ half 太…,过于…名词+~+名词 bit ~ bit 一点一点地 day ~ day 一天一天地;逐日 drop ~ drop 点点滴滴地,一点一滴地 inch ~ inch 慢慢的;逐步地;一点一点地 side ~ side 肩并肩地,一起;等同于 stage ~ stage 逐步地,循序渐进地 step ~ step 逐步 stone ~ stone 一点一滴地 year ~ year 年复一年副词+~ hard ~ 在…近旁~+副词 ~ far …得多;最…;显然 ~ much 大大地,到极大程度 ~ now 到现在副词+~+副词 little ~ little 一点一滴地~+代词 ~ itself 自动地;孤单地 ~ myself 我独自地;我独立地 ~ oneself 单独;独自 ~ ourselves 我们独自地;我们独立地 ~ yourself 你单独地,独自地;你独立地,全靠你自己~+数词 ~ ones and twos 一次一两个,三三两两地 ~ the hundred 成百地,数以百计地,大批大批地 ~ (the) hundreds 成百地,数以百计地,大批大批地 ~ the thousand 成千地,数以千计地,大批大批地 ~ (the) thousands 成千地,数以千计地,大批大批地 ~ twos and threes 三三两两地数词+~+数词 one ~ one 一个一个地 two ~ two 两个两个地句型例句 On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire. 在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。 He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading. 他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。 Be here by four o'clock. 四点钟之前到这儿。 She should be back by now. 她现在应该回来了。 If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day. 如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。 They came in by the back door. 他们是由后门进来的。 Are you to go there by bike or by bus? 你骑车还是坐车去? You can order tickets by telephone. 你可以用电话订票。 The money will be paid by cheque. 此款将由支票支付。 He seized her by the arm. 他抓住她的手臂。 Man does not live by bread alone. 人不能单靠面包生存。 They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists. 他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。 They decided to raise the money by subscription. 他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。 By temperament he was an artist. 从气质上看,他是一位画家。 They always addressed each other by their Christian name. 他们总是以教名互相称呼。 By God he's done it! 老天为证,他确实做了此事。 I did it all by myself! 我完全是靠自己做此事的。 The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster. 由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。 The steamer will go west by north. 这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。 They were playing cards by electric light. 他们正借着灯光打牌。 I go by the house every day. 我每天都要从这栋房子经过。 We lost the match by one goal. 我们以一分之差输了比赛。 He deals ill by his wife. 他待妻子不好。 It's not fair to judge people by their appearance. 以貌取人是不公正的。 Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent. 其补助将削减40%以上。 Most workmen are paid by the week. 大多数工人按周付给薪水。 The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen. 这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。 Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished. 他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。 He was brought up by an aunt. 他是由婶婶抚育成人的。 Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl. 它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。 We should help our brother communities by all means in our power. 我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。 Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately? 哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗?常用短语 ♣ by accident 参见accident条。 ♣ by all means 参见means条。 ♣ by analogy 用类推方法 by a process of reasoning between parallel cases He explained the subject by analogy. 他用类推法说明了这个问题。 ♣ by analogy with 根据…类推 deducing (sth) according to sth 〔说明〕 本短语还可写成on the analogy of. Historically there be no letter "l" in the word "could";it was inserted by analogy with "would". 在历史上,could一词中没有字母l;那是按照would一词类推而加上去的。 It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with something concrete. 有时通过与某种具体事物的类比,更容易说明某个抽象的概念。 "Popedom" is formed on the analogy of "kingdom". "popedom"是从kingdom类推出来的。 A group was set up on the analogy of a self-supporting community. 一个团体仿照自给自足的社会群体而建立起来。 There is a tendency among children to say "thunk" on the analogy of "sunk". 小孩子往往根据sunk的发音类推thunk. ♣ by any chance 参见chance条。 ♣ by chance 参见chance条。 ♣ by common consent 参见consent条。 ♣ by comparison 比较起来 when compared This dress is really cheaper by comparison. 比较起来,这件衣服确实便宜。 By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year. 相比之下,去年教育经费增加了。 ♣ by contrast 参见contrast条。 ♣ by courtesy of 参见courtesy条。 ♣ by degrees 参见degree条。 ♣ by far 参见far条。 〔说明〕 本短语与形容词或副词的比较级连用时,表示“…得多”“远比…”,以强调相差程度之大。与形容词或副词的最高级连用时,表示“最最”,以加强最高级的语气。本短语既可以放在形容词或副词比较级或最高级的前面,也可以放在它们后面。 ♣ by hand 参见hand条。 ♣ by heart 参见heart条。 ♣ by itself 参见itself条。 ♣ by leaps and bounds 参见leap条。 ♣ by means of 参见mean条。 ♣ by mistake 参见mistake条。 ♣ by no means 参见mean条。 ♣ by reason of 由于 because of The arrangement was cancelled by reason of his illness. 因为他生病,原先的安排就取消了。 The scheme failed by reason of bad organization. 由于组织不当,这计划失败了。 ♣ by rights 参见right条。 ♣ by the book 按规则,依照惯例 according to the rules He's always careful to do things by the book. 他总是小心翼翼地按规章办事。 He is an unimaginative individual who does everything by the book. 他是一个一切照章办事,缺想象力的人。 ♣ by the by 顺便提一句 by the way We shall expect you, by the by, dinner will be at eight. 我们等你;还有,晚饭是在8点钟。 By the by, do you intend going to the flower show next Wednesday? 顺便问一下,你可打算去参加下周三的花展? 〔说明〕 本短语中的第一个by是介词,第二个是名词,是名词bye的变异。 ♣ by the same token 由于同样原因,同样地 in the same way By the same token, we should like to thank your brother. 由于同样原因,我们向你兄弟表示谢意。 She had never seen such poverty before, and by the same token could not quite believe it. 她从来没有看到过如此的穷困,而且她也不太相信竟有如此的贫穷存在。 ♣ by the way 参见way条。 ♣ by trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索 by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error. 孩子们通过反复摸索才学会运用计算机程序。 He learned to cook by trial and error. 他不断尝试学烹调。 ♣ by turns 参见turn条。 ♣ by virtue of 凭借,依靠,因为,由于 by means of or because of sth He got the job by virtue of his greater experience. 他由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作的。 Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, by virtue of their clearness, toughness, and low cost. 塑料袋可用来装各种食品,因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。 ♣ by way of 参见way条。 词语辨异 ♣ by, according to, from, in, on, under 参见according to条。 ♣ by, after, at, for, from, over, through, with 参见at条。 ♣ by, at 参见at条。 ♣ by, before 参见before条。 ♣ by, beside, near, on 参见beside条。 ♣ by, about, on, with 参见about条。 ♣ by, in 参见in条。 ♣ by oneself, alone 参见alone条。 ♣ by, till 参见till条。 正误解析 我是坐船到美国来的。 [误] I came to America by a ship. [正] I came to America by ship. [析] by表示“乘”“坐”,后跟宾语,往往不加冠词。 他要坐6:30的火车走。 [误] He is leaving by 6:30 train. [正] He is leaving by the 6:30 train. [析] 表示交通方式的by短语中的名词若有表示具体时间的词语修饰,须加定冠词。 ☞byadv. [baɪ]
双解释义 1. 在近旁 near 2. 经过,走过 past 3. 保留 in reserve 词汇搭配 动词+~ call ~ 顺便访问 come ~ 进来 drop ~ 顺便访问 get ~ 通过;还可以,勉强可接受;设法勉强生存 go ~ 经过 put...~ 存(钱等)以备未来之需 roll ~ (时间)流逝 scrape ~ 勉强及格,勉强度过去 stand ~ 袖手旁观;准备行动;在场,在附近 stop ~ (顺便)过访,串门 tick ~ (时间)流逝;(钟表)滴滴答答响句型例句 She hurried by without speaking to her teacher. 她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。 Come by for a drink after work. 下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。 She stole the book when no one was by. 她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。常用短语 ♣ by and by 不久,马上 before long; soon Summer vacation will come by and by. 暑假很快就要来到。 ♣ by and large 参见large条。 补充资料 [同义词] prep. after, at, beside, for, near, on, through, with [词源]中古英语by(旁,靠近) |