vi. & vt.死亡；枯萎 come to the end of life; stop living

　～ a beggar　穷困潦倒而死
　～ a dog's death　死得可鄙
　～ a glorious death　死得光荣
　～ a hero's death　英勇牺牲
　～ a martyr　死于自杀
　～ a worthy death　死得其所
　～ game　奋战而死
　～ a lingering death　拖延多日才死去
　～ the death　死于非命
　～ happy　在幸福中死去
　～ hard　难断气
　～ old　寿终
　～ poor　贫困一生
　～ young　中途死亡
　～ accidentally　偶然地死去
　～ calmly　平静地死去
　～ courageously　勇敢地死去
　～ daily　虽生犹死
　～ eventually　最终死去
　～ gladly　甘心死去
　～ gloriously　光荣地死去
　～ happily　快乐地死去
　～ immediately　立即死去
　～ instantly　立即死亡
　～ miserably　惨死
　～ peacefully　宁静地死去
　～ possibly　可能死去
　～ shamefully　羞愧地死去
　～ slowly　慢慢地死掉
　～ suddenly　突然死亡
　～ wholly　彻底地枯萎
　～ away　渐渐消失
　～ back　凋落
　～ down　渐渐平息
　～ off　相继死去
　～ out　灭绝
　～ at　死在…
　～ at one's post　殉职
　～ at the stake　受火刑而死
　～ by　死于…
　～ by drowning　淹死
　～ by hanging　吊死
　～ by one's own hand　自杀
　～ by some poison　中毒而死
　～ by the sword　被剑杀
　～ by violence　横死
　～ for　极想得到…
　～ for a cause　为事业而死
　～ for lack of air　因缺空气而死
　～ for one's country　殉国，为国牺牲
　～ for want of food　因缺乏食物而死
　～ from　因…而死
　～ from a blow　被打中而死
　～ from a disease　得病而死
　～ from an accident　死于事故
　～ from carelessness　由于大意而死
　～ from drinking too much wine　饮酒过多而死
　～ from eating to excess　饮食过度而死
　～ from hunger　饥饿而死
　～ from overwork　工作过度而死
　～ from some unknown cause　由于不明原因而死
　～ from weakness　衰弱而死
　～ in agony　痛苦而死
　～ in battle　战死，阵亡
　～ in childbed　因分娩而死
　～ in harness　至死不倦
　～ in misery　死得凄惨
　～ in office　死于任职期间
　～ in one's bed　寿终正寝
　～ in one's shoes　暴死
　～ in poverty　贫困而死
　～ in the last ditch　奋战而死，战斗到底
　～ of　因…而死
　～ of a disease　病死
　～ of a fall　失足摔死
　～ of age　老死
　～ of a broken heart　失望而死
　～ of cholera　死于霍乱
　～ of cold　冻死
　～ of consumption　死于肺结核
　～ of disappointment　失望而死
　～ of exhaustion　过度疲劳而死
　～ of fever　高烧而死
　～ of grief　悲痛而死
　～ of heat　热死
　～ of hunger　饿死
　～ of illness　病死
　～ of overwork　累死
　～ of poison　中毒而死
　～ of poverty　因贫穷而死
　～ of shame　羞愧而死
　～ of sorrow　悲伤而死
　～ of the bite of a snake　蛇咬而死
　～ of thirst　渴死
　～ of a wound　受伤而死
　～ on　中途死亡
　～ on the air　渐渐消失
　～ on the vine　失败
　～ through　由于…而死亡
　～ through neglect　由于不小心而死
　～ to　舍弃…
　～ to criticism　不顾批评
　～ to insult　不顾耻辱
　～ to reproach　不顾责备
　～ to self　舍己，无我
　～ to shame　死不要脸
　～ under　在…之中死亡
　～ upon　死于…
　～ with anger　气死
　～ with envy　嫉妒而死
　～ with fatigue　过度疲劳而死
　～ with grief　忧郁而死
　～ with joy　乐死
　～ with laughing　狂笑而死
　～ with shame　羞愧而死
　～ within　不复存在

　All men must die.　人总是要死的。
　One day I'll die.　我总有一天会死的。
　He became very ill and then he died.　他病得很重，接着就死了。
　The writer died not very long ago.　这位作家于不久前去世。
　Without air a living thing will die.　没有空气生物就会死亡。
　Flowers soon die if they are left without water.　如果不给花浇水，它们很快就会枯死。
　He died at the stake.　他受火刑而死。
　He died through the bursting of a blood vessel.　他因血管破裂而死。
　The baby died through his clothes being burned.　这婴儿由于衣服着火而被烧死。
　The man is dying.　此人要死了。
　His mother is very ill. I'm afraid she is dying.　他妈妈病得很重，恐怕就要死了。
　He has been dying for a week.　他濒于死亡已有一星期了。
　They could see he was dying.　他们看得出他快要死了。
　The old system is dying.　旧制度正在灭亡。
　The memory of her will never die.　对她的回忆将永远不会消失。
　True love never dies.　真爱永存。
　Even the union leaders hoped that the strike would die quietly.　甚至连工会领袖们都希望罢工会无声无息地结束。
　The noisy conversation of the class died suddenly when the teacher came into the room.　老师走进教室时，班上乱哄哄的交谈声突然静了下来。
　His anger died.　他的愤怒平息了。
　The wind died.　风停了。
　In some places the flames were dying, in others they were still leaping high.　有的地方火势奄奄将熄，有几处熊熊正旺。
　His fame will never die.　他的名声将永垂不朽。
　Superstitions die slowly.　迷信很不容易消亡。
　He is dying to go to the sea.　他渴望航海。
　It was clear that they were dying to know it.　很明显，他们非常想知道这件事。
　I am dying to know the development of the story.　我真想知道这故事的发展。
　We are dying to know the result of the experiment.　我们很想知道实验的结果。
　London was a new world to me and I was dying to find out more about it for myself.　伦敦对我来说是一个崭新的世界，我很想亲自对它做更多的了解。
　She's dying to know where you've been.　她急于知道你去哪里了。
　He died a beggar.　他乞食而死。
　She died a rich woman.　她去世时很富有。
　He died a millionaire.　他死时是个百万富翁。
　He died a martyr at his post.　他因公殉职。
　He hoped to marry her, but she died young.　他曾希望同她结婚，但她年轻时就死了。
　His wife died young leaving three daughters.　他的妻子年纪轻轻就死了，留下三个女儿。
　I can help him no more. Let me die happy.　我再没有什么可帮助他的了。让我幸福地死去吧。
　He died a miserable death.　他死得很惨。
　He died a sudden death in a California car crash in 1940. 　1940年，他在加州死于车祸。
　We must do everything we can to save the dying boy.　我们一定要尽全力抢救这位危在旦夕的男孩。

 ♣ die away　(v.+adv.)
　（尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失或停止　become weaker or fainter until it ceases
　The sound of the music died away.　音乐声渐渐消失了。
　His footsteps died away in the darkness.　他的脚步声在黑暗中渐渐消失了。
　All conversation died away.　谈话声渐渐静了下来。
　Now that the cheers had died away, the circus tent seemed oddly quiet.　喝彩声逐渐平静下来后，马戏篷里安静得出奇。
　All his anger died away.　他的满腔怒气渐渐平息下来。
　His voice died away and he fell asleep.　他渐渐地没了声音，睡着了。
 ♣ die back　(v.+adv.)
　（植物）枯死但根部还活着　die but remain alive at the roots
　〔说明〕 die back通常不用于进行体。
　The dahlias died back when that first cold spelled.　第一次寒潮袭来时，大丽花全都凋谢了。
　The bushes may have died back in this cold autumn, but they will grow again next spring.　在这寒冷的秋天，灌木可能会枯死，但明年春天还会生长起来。
 ♣ die by　(v.+prep.)
　死于…，以…方式而死　die by means of (sth)
　They who deny the power of the king shall die by the sword.　谁不服从国王，就将死于剑下。
　Many people have died by violence.　有许多人死于暴力。
　Many people died by drowning in the great floods.　许多人在特大洪水中淹死了。
 ♣ die down　(v.+adv.)
　变得越来越弱直到消失　become gradually less strong until it ceases
　The shots died down.　枪声渐渐地平息下来。
　The laughter died down.　笑声渐渐地消失了。
　The wind died down at last and all was quiet.　风终于停了，一切都平静下来了。
　When the hunt has died down we shall be able to leave our hiding place.　追捕缓下来后我们才能离开隐藏的地方。
　The excitement died down as time went by.　随着时间的推移，激动的心情逐渐平静下来。
　The feeling between them had died down.　他们之间的感情已不那么强烈了。
 ♣ die for　(v.+prep.)
1. 为…而献身 be prepared to die to support (an idea) or save (sb)
　To die for the people is a glorious deed!　为人民而死，虽死犹荣！
　Many religious people would die for their beliefs.　许多教徒都愿为他们的信仰而献身。
　It used to be considered part of a young man's duty to die for his country.　过去，为国捐躯一直被认为是年轻人的一份义务。
2. 〈口〉急需（某物） want (sth) very much
　〔说明〕 die for作此解时只用于现在进行时。
　It's so hot today, I'm dying for a drink.　今天这么热，我急需喝点饮料。
　I'm dying for a cup of tea.　我很想喝杯茶。
　He is dying for the book.　他很想要这本书。
 ♣ die from　(v.+prep.)
　死于（某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等）　die following (sth, except illness or feeling)
　She died from a wound.　她因受伤而死。
　The young driver died from the wounds that he received in the road accident.　这位年轻的司机在交通事故中受伤过重而死去。
　The child died from her fall out of the high window.　这个孩子是从窗户摔下来而死的。
　It was obvious that the man died from suffocation.　很明显，这个人死于窒息。
　Five men died from police gunfire.　五名男子被警察击毙了。
　In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food.　在寒冷的冬天，野兽可能是因为缺乏食物而被饿死。
 ♣ die in　(v.+prep.)
　在（某事中或在某地方）死去　die during (an event) or in (a place)
　He died in an accident.　他在一次事故中丧生。
　The young driver died in the car crash.　这个年轻的司机在车祸中死去了。
　Fewer people die in hospital than at home.　死在医院里的人要少于死在家里的人。
　He watched his cigarette die in the ashtray.　他看着他的烟在烟灰缸里熄灭。
　He died in his bed.　他寿终正寝。
　He died in his office.　他死于任职期间。
 ♣ die of　(v.+prep.)
1. 死于（疾病、过度悲伤等） die because of (sth such as an illness or feeling)
　He died of cancer.　他死于癌症。
　The blacksmith died of the rum bottle and stroke.　铁匠死于酗酒及中风。
　She died of a fever, and no one could save her.　她死于高烧，谁也救不了她。
　Some of his children died of undernourishment.　他有几个孩子因营养不良而死亡。
　He died of his wound.　他负伤而死。
　My grandmother died of grief soon after her husband's death.　祖父去世不久，祖母就因悲伤过度而死了。
2. 强烈地感受到…，…得要命 feel (sth) very strongly
　〔说明〕 die of作此解时只用于现在进行时。
　I am dying of boredom!　我烦得要死！
　The children are dying of curiosity to see what's in the parcel.　孩子们出于好奇，迫不及待地想看看包裹中是什么东西。
 ♣ die off　(v.+adv.)
　（一组生命体）一个接一个地死去直到死光　die one by one
　〔说明〕 die off的主语是人或动物的时候用复数，用于比喻时可以是单数。
　Her friends are all dying off.　她的朋友正相继死去。
　The deer in the forest are all dying off from disease.　林中的鹿一个接一个地病死了。
　The trees have been dying off during the severe winter, and there are few left.　在严冬，树一棵一棵地死掉了，剩下的寥寥无几了。
　The bamboo forest burst into flower and then died off.　竹林突然开花，然后一株一株死掉了。
　This species is dying off.　该物种面临绝种。
　The rumble of thunder died off.　隆隆雷声逐渐消失。
 ♣ die out　(v.+adv.)
　（指物种、家族、习惯、观念等）绝迹，消失　cease to exist; disappear
　He is the last of the family; after his death the name will die out.　他是他家族活在这世上的最后一个成员，他一死，他们家族便不复存在了。
　Some species died out.　有些物种灭绝了。
　This kind of bird is dying out.　这种鸟行将灭绝。
　If too many of these rare animals are killed, their kind will die out.　如果过多地屠杀这些稀有动物，它们很快就会绝迹。
　Traditional grocers' shops are fast dying out now that there are so many supermarkets.　由于出现了许多超级市场，传统的杂货店铺正逐渐消失。
　Many old customs are gradually dying out.　许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。
　It's time this selfish habit died out.　这种自私的习惯该消除了。
　That style of music died out ten years ago.　那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。
 ♣ die with　(v.+prep.)
1. 伴有…而死 die having (sth/sb)
　He died with his family all around him, and with his soul at peace.　全家人都在他身旁，他带着一颗平静的心死去了。
　The old man died with the demands that weren't met.　老人带着没有完成的心愿死去了。
　She died with peace and happiness.　她带着安详和幸福死去了。
　He died with a grievance.　他含冤而死。
2. 随着（某人的死）而丧失，消失 be lost at the death of (sb)
　His secret died with him, and now we shall never know the truth.　他的秘密随他一起离去，现在我们永远也不可能知道真相了。

 ♣ die by, die for, die from, die of
　这组短语都表示“死亡的原因”。其区别在于：
1. die from和die of意思相同，用die of时较多。die from一般指害病、疲劳、负伤、饥渴、辛苦、失望等致死， die of常指饮食过度、工作过度、饮酒过量等致死。
2. die for表示为了理想、事业而献身或因犯罪而被处死。例如：
　He died for his belief.　他为了自己的信仰而献身了。
　He died for the crime he had committed.　他因所犯的罪行而被处死。
3. die by则多表示横死。例如：
　He died by his own hand.　他自杀了。
 ♣ die, peg out
　参见peg条。
 ♣ die out, wipe out
　参见wipe条。
 ♣ die, assassinate, execute, kill
　参见kill条。
 ♣ die, expire, pass away, perish
　参见pass条。
 ♣ die for, ache for, hanger for, long for, sign for, starve for, thirst for
　参见ache条。
 ♣ 下面每组中的两个句子意思不同：

1. 他去世三年了。
　［误］ He has died for three years.
　［正］ He died three years ago.
　［析］ die是瞬间动词，不可与for引起的表示一段时间的状语搭配。
2. 他三年前死的。
　［误］ He was died three years ago.
　［正］ He died three years ago.
　［析］ die主要用作不及物动词，不能构成被动结构。偶尔用作及物动词时接同源名词death作宾语。
3. 他们虽然死了，但他们为祖国争得了荣誉。
　［误］ Although they died, they have won the honour for their country.
　［正］ Although they are dead, they have won the honour for their country.
　［析］ die的过去式一般只用在如“说明何时死的，生什么病死的，死时年轻（富有或贫穷）等”场合，英美人习惯用be dead表示“某人已死”。

　下面各句都是“他死了”的委婉说法：
　He is no more.
　It is all over for him.
　He has passed away.
　He departed from this life.
　He slept the final sleep.
　He was numbered among the dead.
　He has breathed his last.
　He fell in the battle.
　在英美军人的俚语里，还可以用：He's had it, He's bought it, He's had his time, He's handed in his chips等。

　［同义词］ decrease, demise, pass away, decline, fade, fail
　［反义词］ flourish, grow
　［词源］　中古英语dien<古英语diegan<古挪威语deyja（死亡）