1. U 疼痛；痛苦　 suffering; great discomfort of body or mind
2. C 身体某部分的疼痛或不适　 feeling of suffering or discomfort in a particular part of the body
3. S 令人厌烦的人或事物　 annoying or boring person or thing
4. P 劳苦，辛劳，烦劳　 trouble; effort

　aggravate ～　加剧疼痛〔痛苦〕
　allay ～　减轻疼痛〔痛苦〕
　bear ～　忍受痛苦
　cause ～　引起痛苦
　combat ～　与疼痛作斗争
　cry with ～　痛得叫喊
　deaden ～　止痛
　ease ～　减轻痛苦
　endure ～　忍受痛苦
　experience ～　经受痛苦
　feel ～　觉得痛，感到痛苦
　give ～　产生痛苦
　have ～　疼痛
　inflict ～　使受痛苦
　intensify ～　加剧痛苦
　kill ～　解除痛苦
　know ～　了解痛苦
　lull ～　减轻痛苦
　occasion ～　引起疼痛
　reduce ～　减少痛苦
　relieve～　减轻痛苦
　remove ～　消除痛苦
　save ～s　不必费心
　share ～　分担痛苦
　show ～　表现出痛苦
　spare no ～s　不辞劳苦
　stand ～　忍受疼痛
　suffer ～　遭受痛苦
　take ～　忍受疼痛
　take ～s about meals　操心伙食
　undergo ～　经历痛苦
　a lot of ～　非常痛
　accepted ～　可接受的惩罚
　aching ～　疼痛
　bodily ～　肉体的疼痛
　ceaseless ～　无休止的疼痛
　constant ～　持续的疼痛，慢性疼痛
　dull ～　钝痛
　eternal ～　永久的痛苦
　extreme ～　极端的痛苦
　fearful ～　可怕的疼痛
　frightful ～　可怕的疼痛
　great ～　剧烈的疼痛
　helpless ～　无助的痛苦
　hopeless ～　绝望的痛苦
　immediate ～　骤然疼痛
　infinite ～　无限的痛苦
　local ～　局部疼痛
　lonely ～　孤独的痛苦
　mental ～　精神痛苦
　momentary ～　瞬间的疼痛
　mortal ～　致命的疼痛
　mutual ～s　共同的努力
　needless ～　不必要的痛苦
　non-stop ～　持续不断的疼痛，疼痛不止
　peculiar ～　特殊的疼痛
　persistent ～　持续的疼痛
　physical ～　肉体的痛苦
　pure ～　单纯的疼痛
　severe ～　剧烈的疼痛
　sharp ～　剧烈的疼痛
　sleepless ～　难眠的痛苦
　slight ～　微痛
　some ～　有点痛
　steady ～　持续的疼痛
　stubborn ～　难以消除的疼痛
　sudden ～　突然发作的疼痛
　tender ～　敏感的疼痛
　terrible ～　可怕的痛苦
　tolerable ～　可忍耐的痛苦
　unbearable ～　难以忍受的痛苦
　violent ～　剧烈的疼痛
　yearning ～　思念的痛苦
　back ～　背部疼痛
　chest ～　胸痛
　～ killer　止疼药
　～ phosphorus　磷状药
　at ～s　尽力，下苦功
　for ～　因痛苦而…
　from ～　减轻痛苦
　in ～　在痛苦中
　of ～　疼得…
　on ～ (of death)　违则（处死）
　out of ～　结束痛苦
　under ～ of　如果违反则以…论处
　with ～　由于疼痛
　with great ～s　煞费苦心
　～s about　为…操劳
　～ in the back　背痛
　～ in the ear　耳朵痛
　～ in the knees　膝盖痛
　～ in the mouth　嘴痛
　～ in the nose　鼻子痛
　～s of (v-ing)　刻苦（做…)

　Her back gives her a lot of pain.　她背痛得厉害。
　He was crying with pain after he broke his arm.　他折断手臂后疼得大叫。
　Mother has a pain in her chest.　母亲胸口疼。
　As Jim leaned to the ground to pick up the pen, he felt a sharp pain in his back.　吉姆弯腰拾钢笔时，感到后背一阵剧痛。
　He has pains in the arm.　他手臂痛。
　The old patient has shooting pains in the head.　这位老病人脑部有放射痛。
　Some patients don't refer to the discomfort of angina as an ache; rather they describe it as sudden sharp pains.　有些病人不把心绞痛叫做钝痛，而说成阵阵剧痛。
　The doctor was associated in the child's mind with injections and pains.　在孩子的脑子里，医生总是使他联想到打针与疼痛。
　She asked after the aches and pains of all the old people.　她询问了所有老人的各种病痛。
　His unkind behavior caused his parents a great deal of pain.　他那不仁慈的举止使其父母极为伤心。
　You may save your pains.　你不必费心。
　He spared neither pains nor expense.　他既不辞劳苦也不惜费用。
　We shall spare no pains to support the oppressed people.　我们要全力支持被压迫人民。
　He lavished enormous pains on the choice of every word.　他选用每个词都煞费苦心，推敲再三。
　She's a real pain.　她真是个讨厌的人。
　You give me a pain.　你真叫我讨厌。
　We've missed the last bus—what a pain!　我们没赶上末班公共汽车——真倒霉！

 ♣ a pain in the neck
　讨厌或可恶的家伙，使人厌烦的责任　sb/sth that is always a nuisance
　As a friend he is not bad, but as an employer, he is a pain in the neck.　作为朋友他不坏，但作为雇主，他是个讨厌的人。
　Don't tell me Christopher is coming, wherever he goes he's a pain in the neck.　不要告诉我克里斯托夫要来，不管他到哪里，他总是个令人讨厌的家伙。
　It's a pain in the neck having to meet them at the airport.　必须到机场去接他们，真是烦人。
 ♣ be at (great)〔the〕 pains
　尽力，用心，下苦功　take much trouble

　He is at pains to find facts.　他正在努力了解事实真相。
　He was at great pains to point out my mistake.　他极力指出我的错误。

　We are at the pains of quickening our steps.　我们正努力加快步伐。
 ♣ feel no pain
　醉倒　be drunken
　I feel no pain.　我喝醉了。
　After a few drinks, the man felt no pain and began to act foolishly.　喝了一些酒之后，那人便醉了，开始做傻事。
 ♣ for one's pains
　作为辛劳的酬报；费尽苦心的结果　as a response to one's efforts
　I spent two hours mowing her lawn and all she gave me for my pains was a cup of tea!　我花了整整两个小时刈她的草地，而她给我辛勤劳动的报酬只是一杯茶。
　The enemy got a heavy blow for their pains.　尽管敌人费尽心机，还是遭到了沉重的打击。
　She looked after her sick mother for 5 years and all she got for her pains was ingratitude.　她母亲生病，她照顾了5年，到头来却是费力不讨好。
 ♣ go to great pains
　努力，下工夫　take much trouble

　He went to great pains to show how horrifying the war was.　他极力指出战争是多么的恐怖。
　She went to great pains to see that all her guests were provided with whatever they needed.　她努力确保使每位客人都得到他们各自的需求。
 ♣ in (great) pain
　很疼痛　aching severely
　I'm wounded and in pain.　我受伤了，而且很疼。
　The patient is in great pain.　病人疼得很厉害。
 ♣ on (the) pain of death
　冒受处罚的危险　at the risk of severe punishment
　They were forbidden to leave, on pain of death.　他们被禁止离开，违则处死。
　Yes, you can go to the party, but you come late on the pain of death.　好，你可以去参加舞会了，但你回来晚了得小心挨罚。
 ♣ take (great) pains
　下工夫，花气力　try hard (to do sth); take much trouble

　He took pains to make me realize my mistake.　他费了很多力气，让我认识到自己的错误。
　They took great pains to build up their influence there.　他们花很大气力在那里培植他们的势力。

　Mary took great pains with her English lessons and got high marks.　玛丽在英语课方面狠下了工夫，因而考了高分。
 ♣ under pain of
　如果违反则以…论处　at the risk of suffering (some punishment)
　You must sign the confession under pain of death.　你必须在这份坦白书上签字，否则就处死你。
 ♣ with great pains
　费力地　with great efforts
　With great pains and much patience, I at last managed to get from the information I wanted.　我费了很大劲和很大耐心，最后总算得到了我想要的情报。

 ♣ at pains, at the pains
　这两个短语都可作“努力”“下苦功”解。其区别在于：at pains搭用动词不定式短语，而at the pains则要搭用介词of引起的动名词短语。
 ♣ for pain, with pain
　这两个短语都可作“由于疼痛”解。其区别在于：for pain常用在否定句里，而with pain常用在肯定句里。例如：
　I couldn't sleep for pain.　我由于疼痛而不能入眠。
　The boy was crying with pain.　那男孩疼得在哭泣。
 ♣ pain, ache, sting, stitch
　参见ache条。
 ♣ pain, pang, smart
　这三个词都可指肉体上的疼痛，也可指精神上的疼痛。其区别在于：pain所表示的疼痛可以是剧烈的，也可以是轻微的；而pang和smart表示的都是强烈的、剧烈的疼痛。例如：
　He was anxious about an off-and-on pain in the abdomen.　他因腹部时隐时现的疼痛而忧虑。
　She felt a sudden pang of regret.　她突然感到痛悔不已。
　He felt his eyes smart with fatigue.　他因困倦而感到两眼剧痛。
 ♣ pain(s), bid, effort(s), endeavour(s), exertion(s)
　参见effort条。
 ♣ 下面两个句子的意思是一样的：
　

1. 她头痛。
　［误］ She has a headpain.
　［正］ She has a headache.
　［析］ pain一般不可与表示“身体部位”的单词构成复合词。
2. 我的脚疼。
　［误］ My foot is pain.
　［正］ I have a pain in my foot.
　［析］ 表示人“身体某个部位疼痛”要用have a pain〔pains〕 in...，其中pain是可数名词，表示具体的疼痛部位。
3. 这妇女在分娩阵痛中。
　［误］ The lady was in severe pain.
　［正］ The lady was in severe pains.
　即使用刑罚也不能禁止这种习俗。
　［误］ Even pain and penalties wouldn't put a stop to such a practice.
　［正］ Even pains and penalties wouldn't put a stop to such a practice.
　这位老师很辛苦地批改学生们的考卷。
　［误］ The teacher took great pain in correcting the pupils' papers.
　［正］ The teacher took great pains in correcting the pupils' papers.
　［析］ pain作“产妇的阵阵疼痛”“刑罚”“辛苦”等解时，习惯上用复数形式。

　vt. & vi.（使）疼痛，（使）痛苦 cause suffering; give pain; (cause to) feel painful

　～ one's parents　使双亲难过
　～ acutely　刀割似地疼痛
　～ agonizingly　令人痛苦地疼痛
　～ cruelly　极度痛苦
　～ deeply　深为痛苦
　～ intolerably　令人难忍地疼痛
　～ poignantly　令人心碎地痛苦
　～ sharply　剧烈地疼痛
　～ by　为…而感到痛心

　My tongue is paining.　我舌头痛。
　Her injured arm pained her sharply.　她那受伤的手臂使她感到剧烈疼痛。
　Does your ankle still pain you?　你的脚踝还痛吗?
　The child's constant tantrums pained his mother.　孩子经常发脾气，他母亲感到很烦恼。
　Such remarks always pained him.　这些话总是使他痛苦。
　Your laziness pains your parents.　你的懒惰使父母很痛苦。
　It pains me deeply.　这使我深为痛苦。
　She was pained when you refused her invitation.　你拒绝接受邀请时她十分痛苦。
　She looked pained when I refused to help.　当我拒绝帮助时，她显得很痛苦。
　It pained me to see him thinner from illness.　看到他因病而日渐消瘦，我心里很难受。
　It pains him to have to go there.　不得不去那儿使他很烦。
　It pained him that his father talked like that.　他的父亲那样说使他痛苦。
　He had a pained look.　他露出痛苦的神情。
　After they had quarrelled there was a pained silence between them.　他们吵架后，彼此难堪地一言不发。

1. 我的腿还在疼。
　［误］ I am still paining the leg.
　［正］ The leg is still paining me.
　［析］ pain作及物动词时，表示“使疼痛”“伤害”，其宾语一般是人。
2. 我经常喉咙痛。
　［误］ My throat aches me very often.
　［正］ My throat pains me very often.
　撇下子女不管（这种做法）使他很痛心。
　［误］ It ached him to leave his family behind.
　［正］ It pained him to leave his family behind.
　［析］ ache只用作不及物动词，不能后接宾语，故应改为pain.

　［同义词］ n. ache, bother, hurt, trouble v. annoy, disquiet, grieve, hurt, irritate, worry, wound
　［反义词］ v. gratify, please
　［词源］　古法语peine<拉丁语poena<希腊语poine（处罚）