1. vt. & vi.刮；削　 remove mud, paint, etc. by drawing or pushing the hard edge of a tool
2. vt.擦伤　 injure or damage by harsh rubbing, etc.
3. vt.设法得到　 obtain by being careful, or with effort

　～ the dishes　将碟子擦干净
　～ the mud　把泥擦净
　～ paint　刮去油漆
　～ the skin　擦掉皮
　～ away a misspelled word　擦去拼写错的字
　～ away the wallpaper　刮掉糊墙纸
　～ down　用脚擦地板发出噪声以阻止（讲演者）说下去
　～ in　勉强进入
　～ out a jam jar　把果酱罐子刮干净
　～ out a mark　擦掉记号
　～ together enough money　凑足钱
　～ up　刮拢，扒拢
　～ against the window panes　（树枝）擦着窗玻璃
　～ along the wall　擦墙而过
　～ from　擦去，刮掉
　～ off the paint　刮掉油漆
　～ through a crisis　设法勉强渡过危机
　～ through examination　勉强通过考试
　～ with feet　用脚擦来擦去地发出声

　It was so windy that the branches were scraping against the window panes.　风很大，树枝在玻璃窗上拂来拂去。
　She scraped and saved until rich.　她俭朴致富。
　He scraped his car when he drove through the narrow gate.　当他驾车驶过狭长的大门时，擦着了汽车。
　The car scraped its side against the wall.　汽车的车身在墙上擦坏了。
　She scraped the floor.　她擦了地板。
　These are young carrots and you need not scrape them.　这些胡萝卜很嫩，不用刮皮。
　He cleaned the wire by scraping it with a knife.　他用小刀把这根电线皮剥掉。
　A dog had scraped a hole in my rosebed.　一只狗在我的玫瑰花坛上掏了个洞。
　These hungry children scraped the dishes and plates.　这些饥饿的孩子把盘里的东西吃得干干净净。
　We managed to scrape an audience of fifty people.　我们设法争取到了50名观众。
　He scraped his boots clean before coming into the house.　进屋前他先把靴子擦干净。

 ♣ scrape along　(v.+adv.)
　勉强过下去　live with difficulty without enough money
　I can scrape along on a reductive income for a short time, but not for ever.　收入减少后短期内我还可以凑合着过，但不能长期这样下去。
　We don't have much money but we scrape along somehow.　虽然我们没多少钱，但是还可以过得下去。
　She spent three years at college, scraping along on an allowance from her parents.　她靠父母的津贴勉勉强强地在大学里度过了三年。
 ♣ scrape away　(v.+adv.)
　用利物刮，擦　rub continuously with sth sharp; remove a (covering) by rubbing with sth sharp
　Scraping away patiently in soil with their fingers, the team of scientists discovered the ruins of an ancient civilization.　这组科学家耐心地用手指在泥土中扒，从而发现了一个古代文明的遗迹。
　Scraping the snow away, they found a car buried underneath!　铲去积雪后，他们发现下面埋着一辆汽车！
 ♣ scrape by　(v.+prep.)
　靠…勉强度日　make a living with difficulty by sth
　I scraped by borrowing from my relations until my next cheque arrived.　在另一张支票寄来以前，我一直从亲属那里借钱勉强度日。
 ♣ scrape in　(v.+adv.)
　勉强挤进，考入　be only just able to enter a place or a school
　〔说明〕 scrape in常不用于进行体。
　The train was crowded, but I scraped in just before the door closed.　火车上拥挤不堪，但就在关门之前，我强挤了进去。
　Many men who only scrape in to the army college make the best officers.　不少勉强被军事院校录取的人成了最优秀的军官。
 ♣ scrape off　(v.+prep.)
　擦掉，擦伤　remove by drawing or pushing the hard edge of a tool; injure of damage by hard rubbing, etc.
　Scrape the mud off your shoes before entering the library.　进图书馆前请先擦去鞋上的泥。
　She scraped the rust off the kitchen knife.　她擦掉了菜刀上的锈。
　The boy fell and scraped the skin off his knee.　这男孩摔了一跤，擦破了膝盖上的皮。
 ♣ scrape out　(v.+adv.)
　掏空，刮净　empty or clean a container by rubbing it, as with sth sharp
　First scrape out the seeds, then cut the fruit into pieces.　先刮去水果的籽，然后再把它们切成块。
　This animal scrapes out a hole in the sand to lay its eggs in.　这只动物在沙地上挖了个洞，以便在里面下蛋。
　The boys scraped out a hollow place for planting trees.　那些孩子挖了个坑准备栽树。
　The ashes must be scraped out from the stove.　炉里的灰必须掏尽。
 ♣ scrape through¹　(v.+adv.)
　〈非正〉勉强通过　 be only just able to pass through (a narrow place, a examination, etc.)
　〔说明〕 scrape through常不用于进行体。
　The bars were so close together that I don't know how it was able to scrape through.　它们（栅栏杆）排列这么紧密，我真不知它怎么挤过去的。
　The walls of the cave come to a narrow point just ahead, but I think we can scrape through.　前面就是洞壁最狭窄处，不过我想我们能挤得过去。
　Some of you deserved to succeed, and others only scraped through.　你们当中有些人取得成功是理所当然的，而有些人只是勉强通过。
 ♣ scrape through²　(v.+prep.)
　〈非正〉勉强通过　 be only just able to pass through (a narrow place, a examination, etc.)
　Our dog used to escape by scraping through the bars of his fence.　我们那条狗过去常从阻挡它的栅栏杆之间挤过去。
　Jail got into the music school by scraping through the examination.　杰尔勉强通过了音乐学院的考试，被录取了。
 ♣ scrape together　(v.+adv.)
　凑成；聚在一起；积攒　gather by pushing with sth; collect or obtain sth such as money
　I'll have to scrape together some money for a sight-seeing trip.　我得积蓄点钱去旅游。
　I'll try to scrape a team together for tomorrow's game.　我设法拼凑成一个球队参加明天的比赛。
　Scrape the dead leaves together into a pile, and then we can burn them.　请把枯叶聚成一堆，我们也好烧掉。
 ♣ scrape up an acquaintance　(v.+adv.+n.)
　〈非正〉一般相识　 make friends with sb to a sight degree
　〔说明〕 scrape up an acquaintance常不用于进行体。
　After years of living in the same street, my neighbour and I had done no more than scrape up an acquaintance.　我和我的邻居在同一条街住了多年，但只不过是一般相识而已。
　They're some people we scraped up an acquaintance with on holiday.　他们是我在假期里结识的。
　She was so lonely during her holiday that she would have scraped up an acquaintance with almost anyone.　假期中她感到非常孤独，因此几乎愿意跟任何人结交。

 ♣ scrape, grind, scratch
　这组词的意思相近。其区别是：scrape指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮〔擦〕掉某物；grind表示通过磨〔擦〕使工具、武器变得锐利或光滑；scratch指用利器在物体的表面上划出一道线或沟。

1. C 刮，擦，刮擦声　an act or sound of scraping
2. C 擦痕，擦伤　a mark or wound made by scraping
3. C 〈正〉困境，麻烦　an unpleasant, but not very serious situation or difficulty

　bad ～　严重刮伤
　silly ～s　荒唐的窘境

　He pushed back his chair with a loud scrape.　“嘎”的一声，他把椅子推回了原位。
　How did you get a few scrapes on your knee?　你膝盖上的几处擦伤是怎么弄的?
　She gets into these silly scrapes because she doesn't think before she acts.　她在行动之前总不思考，所以才会陷入这种荒唐的窘境。