| 词组 | which |
| 释义 | 1．关于关系代词 which 跟关系代词 that 的区别，参见 that 9 2．关于关系代词 which 跟关系代词 who(m) 的区别，下面几点该注意： （1）army，company，family，party 等词在被当作单数的时候，该用 which 指它们，在被当作复数的时候该用 who(m) 指它们，不可混用。如下面第一句和第二句都不错，第三句和第四句却不对： The party, which is a large one, has lost its way. The party, who are all children, have lost their way. The party, who is a large one, has lost its way. The party, which are all children, have lost their way. （2）指国家名称通常用 which，偶尔用 who，动词该用单数。例如：They have visited China, which（偶尔用who）they believe is a beautiful country. （3）人以外的动物往往被当作阳性或阴性。例如：The dog is running before his master. 和 The cat is sitting beside her mistress. 但在被当作阳性或阴性的时候却往往也被 which 所指代。例如：The dog, which is a big one, is running before his master. 和 The cat, which is black and white, is sitting beside her mistress. （4）船通常被当作阴性，但被 which 所指代。例如：The ship, which is a big one, is on her way to a distant country. 3．关系代词 which 往往没有固定的某词做它的先行项，却指前面的短语或从句里所表示的意思。例如： He said he was ill, which was true. They lost their way, which delayed them considerably. （注意这句里的 which 并不指 way，却指 lost their way） I was very useful to him, which he realized. He is very easy to get acquainted with, which is not a traditional English trait. 这样用法的 which 一定属于单数形式，一定用在非限定从句里。 这样用法的 which 往往用在句首，指前面所表示的意思，往往有些滑稽性质。例如： He said he was ill. Which was true. They lost their way. Which delayed them considerably. 有时竟然用在一个段落的开首。例如： I called on a friend the other day. He was in bed and looked rather pale. He said he was ill. Which was true. 4．下面四句里用 which 而不用 who，因为所指的不是“人”而是那种人的“性质”： He was dressed like an artist, which he was not. She looked like an actress, which she was. He talked like a native - which he hardly was. He is not the self-seeking man which he is generally represented to be. （这句里的 which 最好改作 that） 5．下面每组里的第一句、第二句和第三句都不错，第四句不对。第二组里的第三句不很自然： 注意每组里的第二句里用分号，第三句里用逗号。 6．下面第一句里的 which 用作主格，第二句里的 which 用作宾格，第三句里的 which 同时用作主格和宾格，所以不对： He gave me a watch, which is made of gold. He gave me a watch, which I keep to this day. He gave me a watch, which is made of gold and I keep to this day. （该在 and 后面加上 which） 7．比较下面三句： This is a dictionary of English usage, which if you use constantly you will learn to write correctly. This is a dictionary of English usage, which if you use constantly you will find very useful. This is a dictionary of English usage, which if you use constantly will prove very useful. 第一句语法不错，但不很自然，可以改作 This is a dictionary of English usage, if you use which constantly, you will learn to write correctly。但也不很自然，该改作 This is a dictionary of English usage, from which you will learn to write correctly if you use it constantly 或 This is a dictionary of English usage, the constant use of which will help you to learn to write correctly。原句里的 which 所引导的从句同时被 if 所联结，语法不错，但毕竟不是正常的英语。第二句里的 which 既做 use 的宾语，又做 find 的宾语，不合语法，该改作 This is a dictionary of English usage, which, if you use it constantly, you will find very useful。第三句里的 which 既做 use 的宾语，又做 will prove 的主语，不合语法，该改作 This is a dictionary of English usage, which, if you use it constantly, will prove very useful。 8．下面每组里的两句意思相同，似乎第一句不及第二句自然： 9．下面两句里的 which 都指前面的形容词： He is sometimes impatient, which no teacher should be. She thinks his answer incorrect, which it probably is. 10．下面两句里的 which 指它引导的从句的后面的名词从句： I told him, which was true, that I was proud of his acquaintance. He could not tell me, which I was anxious to know, whether the book was still in print. 11．下面两句里的 which 泛指下文所讲的话： He went, and, which is more surprising, actually won the prize. I have the letter, and, which is more, I mean to keep it. 12．下面每组里的两句意思相同： 13．比较下面每组里的两句： 但下面两句意思相同： Which will you have, tea or coffee? What will you have, tea or coffee? |
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