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词组 information structure introduction
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Information Structure introductionInformation Structure Section 25 Information StructureintroductionSentences are not usually isolated: they mostly fit into longer pieces of communication, for example written texts or spoken exchanges. So the way we choose to organise the information in a clause or sentence will partly depend on things outside the sentence: for example what has been said before, or what is already known, or what the speaker or writer wants to emphasise. This is a complicated area of grammar in all languages. This Section looks at ways in which English allows speakers and writers to arrange information in sentences effectively, both by using normal sentence structure and by varying the normal order. The structure of longer texts and exchanges is looked at in Section 26, Section 27.Do you know what's wrong with these, and why?
He made that he was not interested clear. 267.4It is not comfortable to sit on this chair. 268.7It was given the impression that travel expenses would be paid. 268.7I cannot bear it to see people crying. 269.1I would appreciate if you would send me a receipt. 269.3Under no circumstances we can accept late payment. 270.7Hardly I had arrived when trouble started. 270.7Here Freddy comes! 271.1Here your keys are. 271.1It were the students that were angry. 273.1It's Greek that her husband is. 273.1She didn't know where she was when woke up. 276.3Poor little! 278.1The most important is to keep calm. 278.1'Let's go for a walk.' 'I don't want.' 280.3There are more flowers here than there used to. 280.1
267information structure: normal order and variations
268preparatory it: subject
269preparatory it: object
270inversion: auxiliary verb before subject
271inversion: full verb before subject
272fronting: This question we have already discussed.
273cleft sentences: It was my secretary who …
274cleft sentences: What I need is a rest.
275ellipsis (leaving words out): introduction
276ellipsis with and, but and or
277ellipsis at the beginning of a sentence
278ellipsis in noun phrases
279ellipsis after auxiliary verbs
280ellipsis: infinitives
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