| 词组 | basic clause types introduction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | Contents overview Basic Clause Types introduction Section 19 Basic Clause TypesintroductionSimple (one-clause) sentences come in four main types from the point of view of structure:declarative clauses: typically used for making statements (positive or negative) Your hair looks nice.The government haven't done it.interrogative clauses: typically used for asking questions Does my hair look OK?What haven't they done this time?imperative clauses: typically used for giving instructions, making suggestions, etc Try cutting it a bit shorter.Write to your MP about it.exclamatory clauses: typically used (naturally) for exclaiming What a good idea!How optimistic you are!Structure and meaning don't always go together.Your coat's on the floor. (= 'Pick up your coat.' – declarative for instruction)What do you take me for? (= 'I'm not stupid.' – interrogative for statement)English has fairly fixed word order, especially in formal writing and speech. The main points are summarised in 215. Other entries in this Section deal separately with the structures used in questions, negatives, imperatives and exclamations. The grammar of more complex clauses and sentences is covered in Section 20, Section 21, Section 22, Section 23, Section 24. Some structures typical of very formal usage (e.g. academic writing) are illustrated in 288; some structures mainly found in informal speech are discussed in 299. English word order can cause problems for learners whose languages move grammatical elements around more freely. In many languages, sentences frequently start with the topic – what is being talked about – whether or not this is the grammatical subject. English, especially formal English, prefers to combine topic and grammatical subject in the same noun phrase, and to put this first in a declarative clause. Informal speech can separate topic and subject more easily, 299.Do you know what's wrong with these, and why?The train stopped not. 215.5 | I like very much mushrooms. 215.6 | When you are leaving? 216.1 | What means 'periphrastic'? 216.2 | What does the boss wants? 216.4 | Did you went climbing last weekend? 216.4 | When was made your reservation? 216.5 | So there are two models. Which does cost more? 216.6 | I like not this soup. 217.1 | I didn't thought it mattered. 217.1 | Expect not quick results. 217.2 | It's important to don't worry. 217.3 | Not George came, but his brother. 217.4 | 'Haven't you written to Emily?' 'Yes, I haven't.' 218.4 | I don't hope it rains tomorrow. 219.2 | I opened the door, but I couldn't see nobody. 220.1 | How it is cold! 223.1 | What nice dress! 223.2 | What a beautiful weather! 223.2 | What a beautiful smile has your sister! 223.2 | They're so kind people! 223.3 | Anybody don't say a word, OK? 224.5 | Remember always what I told you. 224.7 | contents of this section
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