词组	nouns in combination milk chocolate
释义	Contents overview nouns in combination : milk chocolateantique/antiques shopantique/antiques shopantique shopantiques shop 125.410112Nouns and Noun Phrases; Agreement125 nouns in combination: milk chocolate1milk chocolate; chocolate milkMany common ideas in English are expressed by noun + noun compounds. In this structure, the first noun modifies or describes the second, a little like an adjective. Compare:–milk chocolate (a kind of chocolate)chocolate milk (a kind of milk)–a horse race (a kind of race)a race horse (a kind of horse)–a garden flower (a kind of flower)a flower garden (a kind of garden)Noun + noun expressions are often related to structures where the second noun becomes a subject.an oil well (the well produces oil)a sheepdog (the dog looks after sheep)a Birmingham man (the man comes from Birmingham)the airport bus (the bus goes to the airport)2the first noun is singular: a shoe shopNote that the first noun is usually singular in form, even if it has a plural meaning. (For exceptions, 125.4.)a shoe shop (= a shop that sells shoes)a toothbrush (= a brush for teeth)a ticket office (= an office that sells tickets)a horse race (= a race for horses)coat pockets (= pockets in coats)3measurement: a five-litre canNoun + noun is used in measurements, with a number before the first noun. The number is usually joined to the first noun by a hyphen (-). Note that the first noun is normally singular in form in these cases.a five-litre can (not a five-litres can)a ten-pound note (not a ten-pounds note)a hundred-dollar billa five-day coursea six-pound chickena two-person tenta three-mile walkten two-hour lessonsThe number one is often left out.a (one-)pint mugIn fractions, the plural -s is not usually dropped.a two-thirds share (not a two-third share)Exception: three quarters (a three-quarter length coat)4exceptions: first noun plural – a clothes shopSome nouns are plural in this structure, especially in British English. These include nouns which have no singular form (like clothes), nouns which are not used in the singular with the same meaning (like customs), and some nouns which are more often used in the plural than in the singular (like savings). In some cases, e.g. antique(s), drug(s), usage is divided, and both singular and plural forms are found. In general, plurals are becoming more common in this structure. Examples:a clothes shopa glasses casea customs officerarms controla savings accountthe accounts departmentthe sales departmentthe outpatients department (of a hospital)a drinks cabineta goods train (British English)a sports cara greeting(s) cardan antique(s) dealer/shopthe drug(s) problemthe arrival(s) hall (at an airport)Note also that singular nouns ending in -ics can be used before other nouns.athletics trainingan economics degreeWe use the plurals men and women to modify plural nouns when they have a 'subject' meaning; man and woman are used to express an 'object' meaning. Compare:–men drivers (= men who drive)women pilots (= women who fly planes)–man-eaters (= lions, tigers or other animals that eat people)woman-haters (= people who hate women)5articlesArticles belonging to the first (modifying) noun are dropped in noun + noun combinations.army officers (= officers in the army)a sun hat (= a hat that protects you against the sun)6more than two nounsMore than two nouns can be put together. A group of two nouns can modify a third noun, these can modify a fourth, and so on.oil production costsroad accident research centreThis kind of structure is very common in newspaper headlines (292) because it saves space.FURNITURE FACTORY PAY CUT PROTEST7pronunciationMost noun + noun combinations have the main stress on the first noun.a ˈbicycle factory a ˈfruit drink ˈski boots ˈcoffee beans However, there are quite a number of exceptions.a garden ˈchair a fruit ˈpie The difference between noun modifiers and adjectival modifiers is sometimes shown by stress. Compare:a ˈGerman teacher (noun modifier: a person who teaches German)a German ˈteacher (adjective modifier: a teacher who is German)To be sure of the stress on a particular combination, it is necessary to check in a good dictionary. Note that there are occasional British–American differences. For the stressing of road and street names, 570.8spellingSome short common noun + noun combinations are generally written together like single words.bathroomtoothbrushseasideOther combinations are generally written separately (e.g. furniture shop, railway station). Sometimes usage varies (e.g. lampshade or lamp shade), but except with very short common combinations like bathroom, it is usually acceptable to write the two words separately. Noun + noun combinations often used to be written with hyphens (e.g. spectacle-case), but this is now unusual.For more information about the spelling of different kinds of compounds, 342.For information about the most common current spelling of particular noun + noun expressions, see a good dictionary.9other structuresNot all compound ideas can be expressed by a noun + noun structure. Sometimes it is necessary to use a structure with of or another preposition; sometimes a structure with possessive 's is used.a feeling of disappointment (not a disappointment feeling)letters from home (not home letters)cow's milk (not cow milk)For more details, 126.Previous Next
随便看	make make and do make prepositions male male and masculine manner place manner place and time many marry marry and divorce masculine may may and might some special uses maybe maybe and perhaps meals mean meanings means measurements marked measurements marked and unmarked forms mid position details might some special uses mind do you mind etc miss

英语用法大全包含1354条英语用法指南，基本涵盖了全部常用英文词汇及语法点的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。