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词组 past and perfect tenses introduction
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Past and Perfect Tenses introductionPast and Perfect Tenses Section 5 Past and Perfect TensesintroductionEnglish has six different verb forms to refer to past events and situations. They are:
NAMEEXAMPLE
simple pastI worked
past progressive (or 'continuous')I was working
(simple) present perfectI have worked
present perfect progressive (or 'continuous')I have been working
(simple) past perfectI had worked
past perfect progressive (or 'continuous')I had been working
In academic grammars, a distinction is often made between 'tense' (present or past) and 'aspect' (perfective and progressive). Tense shows time; aspect shows, for example, whether an event is seen as ongoing or completed at a particular time. In more practical books like this one, it is convenient to use 'tense' for all verb forms which show time.The various uses of these six verb forms are covered in the following entries. Note in particular that the English present perfect (e.g. I have seen) is constructed in the same way as a tense in some other Western European languages (e.g. j'ai vu, ich habe gesehen, ho visto, jeg har set), but that it is not used in exactly the same ways (48.2).
Do you know what's wrong with these, and why?
gallopped regreted 44.3'What did you do at eight o'clock yesterday evening?' 'I watched TV.' 45.2When I got up this morning the sun shone and the birds sang. 45.2When I was a child we were walking to school every day. 45.4She said she wasn't believing me. 45.5, 4Some people think that Shakespeare has travelled in Germany. 47.3Once upon a time a beautiful princess has fallen in love with a poor farmer. 48.1–2When has the accident happened? 48.2I know her for years. 52.1How long are you studying English? 52.1'Why are you crying?' 'Granny has hit me.' 49.1The Chinese have invented paper. 49.1It's not as big as I have expected. 49.2I've only been knowing her for two days. 51.1Look at all the rose bushes I've been planting! 51.3This is the first time I hear her sing. 52.2During our conversation, I realised that we met before. 53.2I told her that I have finished. 53.2Alex Cary, who had worked for my father a few years ago, is now living in Greece. 53.2I had left a jacket to be cleaned. Is it ready yet? 53.3She told me that her father was ill since Christmas. 53.5When I opened the windows, I sat down. 54.1We were walking since sunrise, and we were very hungry. 55.3
44simple past
45past progressive
46past form with present or future meaning
47present perfect: basic information
48present perfect or past?
49present perfect or past: advanced points
50present perfect progressive (or 'continuous')
51present perfect simple or progressive?
52present perfect or present?
53past perfect: basic information
54past perfect: advanced points
55past perfect progressive
56This is the first/last …, etc
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