| 释义 |
Contents overview simple pastPast and Perfect Tenses44 simple pastThis form is also called 'past simple'.1forms (regular verbs)| Affirmative | Question | Negative |
|---|
| I workedyou workedhe/she/it workedetc | did I work?did you work?did he/she/it work?etc | I did not workyou did not workhe/she/it did not worketc |
– Contracted negatives (337): I didn't work, you didn't work, etc– Negative questions (218): did I not work? or didn't I work?, etc– For the affirmative past forms of common irregular verbs, 1.– Questions and negatives of irregular verbs are made in the same way as those of regular verbs (with did + infinitive).For details of question structures, 216.For negatives, 217–221.For passive forms (e.g. Work was done), 57.2pronunciation of -edThe regular past ending -ed is pronounced as follows:/d/ after vowels and voiced consonants (except /d/):/ð/, /b/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/tried /traɪd/lived /lɪvd/seemed /siːmd/failed /feɪld//t/ after unvoiced consonants (except /t/):/θ/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/stopped /stɒpt/passed /pɑːst/laughed /lɑːft/watched /wɒtʃt/worked /wɜːkt//ɪd/ after /d/ and /t/ended /ˈendɪd/started /ˈstɑːtɪd/For adjectives like aged, naked, 191.3spelling of regular affirmative past tense forms| Most regular verbs:add -ed | work → workedstay → stayedshow → showedwonder → wonderedvisit → visitedgallop → galloped | | Verbs ending in -e:add -d | hope → hopeddecide → decided | | Verbs ending in one stressed vowel+ one consonant (except w or y):double the consonant and add -ed But (last syllable not stressed): | shop → shoppedplan → plannedreˈfer → referredreˈgret → regretted ˈoffer → offeredˈvisit → visited | | Verbs ending in consonant + -y:change y to i and add -ed But (vowel + -y): | hurry → hurriedcry → criedstudy → studied play → played |
Verbs ending in -c have ck in the past (e.g. picnic → picnicked).In British English, -l is doubled in the past after one short vowel even if the vowel is not stressed: ˈtravel → travelled.4useWe use the simple past for many kinds of past events: short, quickly finished actions and happenings, longer situations, and repeated events.Daniel broke a window last night.I spent all my childhood in Scotland.Regularly every summer, Jessica fell in love.The simple past is common in stories and descriptions of past events.One day the Princess decided that she didn't like staying at home all day, so she told her father that she wanted to get a job …The simple past is often used with words referring to finished times.I saw Jack yesterday morning. He told me …In general, the simple past tense is the normal one for talking about the past; we use it if we do not have a special reason for using one of the other tenses.  For the simple past with a present or future meaning (e.g. It's time you went), 46.For special uses in subordinate clauses, 231.Previous Next |
