| 词组 | subjunctive that she go that they be if i were etc |
| 释义 | Contents overview subjunctive : that she go , that they be , if I were , etcas it wereas it were 232.410153be that as it maybe that as it may 232.410217God bless youGod bless you 232.410724God save the QueenGod save the Queen 232.410725Heaven forbidHeaven forbid 232.410779Long live the KingLong live the King 232.411044so be itso be it 232.411622232 subjunctive: that she go, that they be, if I were, etc1What is the subjunctive?Some languages have special verb forms called 'subjunctive', which are used especially in subordinate clauses to talk about 'unreal' situations: things which are possible, desirable or imaginary. Older English had subjunctives, but in modern English they have mostly been replaced by uses of should, would and other modal verbs, by special uses of past tenses (46), and by ordinary verb forms. English only has a few subjunctive forms left: third person singular present verbs without -(e)s, (e.g. she see, he have) and special forms of be (e.g. I be, he were). Except for I/he/she/it were after if, they are not very common.2that she seeOrdinary verbs only have one subjunctive form: a third person singular present with no -(e)s (e.g. she see). It is sometimes used in that-clauses in a formal style, especially in American English, after words which express the idea that something is important or desirable (e.g. suggest, recommend, ask, insist, vital, essential, important, advice). The same forms are used in both present and past sentences.It is essential that every child have the same educational opportunities.It was important that James contact Adam as soon as possible.Our advice is that the company invest in new equipment.The judge recommended that Simmons remain in prison for life.Do is not used in negative subjunctives. Note the word order.We felt it desirable that he not leave school before eighteen.With verbs that are not third person singular, the forms are the same as ordinary present-tense verbs (but they may refer to the past).I recommended that you move to another office.3beBe has special subjunctive forms: I be, you be, etc.It is important that Ella be present when we sign the papers.The Director asked that he be allowed to advertise for more staff.I were and he/she/it were, used for example after if (239.4) and wish (632) in a formal style, are also subjunctives.If I were you I should stop smoking.I wish it were Saturday.4fixed phrases: as it were; so be itSubjunctives are also used in certain fixed phrases. Examples:God save the Queen!God bless you.Long live the King!Heaven forbid.He's a sort of adopted uncle, as it were. (= … in a way.)Be that as it may … (= Whether that is true or not …)If we have to pay £2,000, then so be it. (= We can't do anything to change it.)5other structuresMost subjunctive structures are formal and unusual in British English. In that-clauses, British people usually prefer should + infinitive (264.7), or ordinary present and past tenses.It is essential that every child should have the same educational opportunities. (or … that every child has …)It was important that James should contact Adam as soon as possible. (or … that James contacted …)Previous Next |
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