| 词组 | which |
| 释义 | which 1. For a discussion of which in restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses, and of what it, along with who and that, may refer to, see that 1, 2. 2. The use of which to refer to a whole sentence or clause, or as the OED puts it, to a fact, circumstance, or statement, was at one time considered a mistake. Thus Lurie 1927 could take Charles Reade and Charles Dickens to task for such use. The argument was, of course, that which should refer to a specific antecedent. But even Lurie had to admit that the authorities did not all disapprove the use, and almost all modern commentators find it acceptable. Some of them (Barnard 1979, Bernstein 1958, 1965, 1971, and Copperud 1970, 1980, for instance) warn against the possibility of ambiguity when it is uncertain whether the which refers to a preceding clause or to a noun at the end of it. Their ambiguous examples are, for the most part, not very ambiguous, but the clarity of the reference is an important consideration that you need to keep in mind. Here are a few examples of the construction: • It was decided ... that the hotel glass should be returned to me, which it was —James Thurber, letter, 6 Oct. 1937 • We are to be at Astley's to-night, which I am glad of —Jane Austen, letter, August 1796 • ... but nobody really wanted to hear him speak. They wanted to see him grin and show his teeth, which he did —Harry S. Truman, quoted in Merle Miller, Plain Speaking, 1973 • "I don't want to be a teacher," Father said quietly, which meant he was angry again —John Irving, The Hotel New Hampshire, 1981 • You don't want to be talking to this bald girl, or even listening to her, which is all you are doing —Jay Mclnerney, Bright Lights, Big City, 1984 • The cultural positioning of a work of art is often helpful, but, which is too often forgotten, it is quite distinct from esthetic judgment —Stanley Kauff-mann, Before My Eyes, 1980 See also this 1. |
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