| 词组 | cultivated, cultured |
| 释义 | cultivated, cultured The commentators who discuss these words seem to be going in several different directions, apart from agreeing that both adjectives mean "having or showing education and refinement." Cultured seems to have been condemned by some American commentators around the turn of the century; it is defended by Hall 1917, who nevertheless uses cultivated himself. Gowers in Fowler 1965 would prefer cultured to cultivated, but fears it has been tainted by kultur, with its racist-imperialist associations. Copperud 1970, 1980 thinks cultured may also suffer from being linked with the institutionalized, ideological culture of the Communist world. And if you need further adverse influence, Mrs. Emily Post in 1927 opined that culture was a word "rarely used by those who truly possess it." While Copperud says that cultured has acquired an unfavorable connotation, Shaw 1975, 1987 thinks cultured is "the more elegant and refined word." And Daniel J. Kevles (The Physicists, 1971) thought that cultivated was going out of fashion "in part because it had acquired a connotation of preciousness." Both words can be used with unpleasant connotations: • The cultivated lady in Bryn Mawr raises her sherry glass and stares speculatively at me over its rim — Laurence Lafore, Harper's, October 1971 • Actually, the reason he is often asked to read a book is so that some day he can say that he read it, which will make him cultured —Jerry Richard, Change, October 1971 And both can be used without such overtones: • ... the indifference to modern drama which so many otherwise cultivated people feel —Thomas R. Edwards, N. Y. Times Book Rev., 8 Sept. 1974 • That Smith himself was very widely read, immensely cultured, ... these lectures leave no doubt —Patrick Cruttwell, Washington Post Book World, 26 Sept. 1971 When Copperud thinks more careful writers use cultivated because it is free from ideological and other taint, he may be right. Our evidence shows more use for cultivated recently than for cultured. The usage of those who write about language has clearly shifted to cultivated: • And how much harder it has become, after forty-odd years, to pass judgment on usage, for if there has been a gain in what might be called educated speech and writing, there has been a loss in what might be called cultivated —Louis Kronenberger, Atlantic, September 1970 • ... the informal conversation of cultivated speakers —William Card et al., Jour, of English Linguistics, 1984 • It is in cultivated homes that the babies without euphemism shit in their pants —Janet Whitcut, in Greenbaum 1985 |
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