| 词组 | purposefully, purposely, purposedly |
| 释义 | purposefully, purposely, purposedly Distinguishing between purposefully and purposely is a concern of several fairly recent handbooks—Reader's Digest 1983, Harper 1975, 1985, Phythian 1979, Bryson 1984, Chambers 1985, Shaw 1987. It is not completely evident what the source of the sudden interest is; none of the commentators has brought forth a genuine example of confusion. What is at work here may be the realization that the two adverbs can be used in similar situations. Here are a couple with purposefully. • ... those who literally and often purposefully drank themselves to death —Herbert Hendin, Columbia Forum, Fall 1969 • ... at a New York address she has purposefully hidden from her father —Joshua Hammer, People, 27 Feb. 1984 In these contexts the writer might have used purposely, but with different meaning, for purposely is the simpler word, meaning merely "on purpose, not by accident," while purposefully is intended to suggest that the persons written about did what they did for a purpose, perhaps even with determination. Here we have purposely used in similar surroundings: • If the Western Powers had selected their allies in the Lamarckian manner intelligently, purposely, and vitally —George Bernard Shaw, preface, Back To Methuselah, 1921 • De Gaulle purposely arrived last and spoke first — Stephen E. Ambrose, Johns Hopkins Mag., April 1966 Cases like these illustrate that there are contexts which will allow either word, and there is probably little to be gained by second-guessing the writer. You should, however, be aware of the distinction when you go to use either one yourself. Purposefully is often used to describe a manner of locomotion: • ... as I stride purposefully toward the children's department —Carol Eisen Rinzler, New York, 1 Nov. 1971 • ... the people in green were scurrying about purposefully —E. L. Doctorow, Loon Lake, 1979 Purposely is not used in this way. These next examples are of contexts in which there is little likelihood of interchange: • His study should stimulate many teachers to think more purposefully about the books they use in the classroom —Janet Smith, N. Y. Rev. of Books, 2 Dec. 1971 • ... a basketball shoe covered, purposely, with graffiti —Sports Illustrated, 24 Feb. 1986 Purposedly is a rare synonym of purposely that turns up from time to time; it may perplex those with no access to an unabridged dictionary. To sum up, then, there is no real evidence of widespread confusion of purposefully and purposely, but they are used in contexts where interchange is possible because the meaning of either word would make sense; in these contexts it is a good idea to remember the distinction between them—purposefully "for a purpose," purposely "on purpose." Purposefully and not purposely is used as an adverb to describe a style of performance. |
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