| 词组 | state |
| 释义 | 1． 侧重指“政治概念上的国家”; country 侧重“地理、文化、语言等概念上的国家”; nation 侧重“民族、人民概念上的国家”: Education is provided by the State. ( 这里的 State 是“政治概念上的国家”) Lakes and rivers cover most of the country. ( 这里的 country 指 “地理地貌方面的国家”) We want our government to serve the whole nation. ( 这里的 whole nation 指 “全体人民”) 2． 在美国常指“州”，与 federal ( 联邦) 相对而言: state tax 州税 federal tax 联邦税 the States 可以指“美国”，但多数情况下应加上 United，这时的 S 要大写: The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equi- ty，commenced or prosecuted a- gainst one of the United States by Citizens of another State. It contains images of flags and basic state data for each of the U- nited States. 3． 表示“国家一级的政府”，英国人常用 state; 美国人常用 federal 来指“国家( 联邦) 政府”: The state does not collect enough revenue to cover its expenditure. ( 英国用法) Federal officials have examined a variety of factors in Colorado jet crash. ( 美国用法) 4． 表示“成员国”使用频率最高的是 member states，其次是 member countries 和 member nations; 有时可通用，无区别: EU member states / member countries / member nations Following is the list of the 191 Member States of the United Nations. UNESCO member states Permanent Court of International Justice Member States reporters from new NATO mem- ber nations G8 member nations FAO member nations European Union member coun- tries Commonwealth Member Coun- tries 5． 表示“国家、国立、国有”常用 state: head of state 国家元首 police state 警察国家 welfare state 福利国家 state school 国立学校 state college 国立学校 state university 国立大学 6． 用 the States 表示“美国”时，后面要用复数动词， 用 the United States 时后面跟单数动词: The States are permitted to exper- iment in rights protections within constitutional boundaries. Some people believe the United States is a country created with a democratic form of government. 7． 我国的“春秋战国时期”常译成 the Warring States Period，也有人译成 the Spring and Autumn Period 等。 8． “政治人物”用 statesman，states- woman 有褒义，politician 有贬义: America needs a real statesman at the helm. 美国需要一个真正的政治家掌舵。 One of the ministers is a wicked politician. 有一个部长是个极坏的政客。 |
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