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词组 the
释义

■ the

1) “数以…计”(表示其多),尽管根本没有“定指”的意思,也用 the 放在 thousands 或 millions 之前。

  • Today, apartments like hers are priced in the millions.今天,像她那样的公寓,价格以百万元计算。

2) 讲到一个人身上可能同时具有的不同身份或天赋时,每一个特定的身份就可以用一个名词加上 the 来表示。

  • Mr. Vajpayee said that when he was young, he felt that the poet in him would die a premature death.瓦杰帕伊先生说,他年轻的时候曾经感觉到,他自己的诗才会过早夭折。
  • This mathematician was found good for nothing in various spheres of life. Once on a journey he came across a mathematical problem which he easily solved. It triggered off the mathematician in him.这位数学家曾经被人认为在生活的各个领域都是个废物。有一次出外旅行,他遇到了一个数学问题,轻而易举地解决了。这就触发了他的数学天赋。
  • He therefore showed a calm, grave face when the spy returned to him.于是他的脸孔又显示出镇定严肃的神情,又是一副间谍的样子。
  • But Dickens had an extraordinary power of resisting the common effects of applause and flattery; the artist in him prevailed against his own weaknesses and the world's assault. (George Gissing, The Immortal Dickens)但是狄更斯具有非凡的力量,能够抵御受到欢呼赞扬所通常会引起的效应;他身上的艺术家气质,克服了他自己的弱点以及世俗的侵袭。
  • The student [of history] in him [=Obama] knows that the worst thing the United States could do at the moment is... (Richard Cohen, "Obama's controlled response to Iran is right," in The Daily Gazette, Schenectady, New York, June 23, 2009, A7)作为历史研究者的奥巴马,深知当前美国如果…,就会犯下莫大的错误。

3) 同法语、德语、葡萄牙语等语言相比较,英语突出的一个特点是少用 the 而多用 my, his 之类物主代词,这一点却是同中文比较接近。

  • He often thought of his father.他常常想念他父亲。

甚至有时候中文不必重复的物主代词,英文也不厌其烦地重复。

  • He put his hand in his pockets.他把手放进衣兜里。

但是,如果是对身体一部分或是对身上穿着的衣物施加动作,则英语也同其他一些欧洲语言一样,用 the 而不用物主代词,而且先把受动者的整体作为直接宾语,然后再用介词引入身体部分或衣物(有 the),以缩小施动对象,这就同中文拉开了距离。

  • He touched me on the shoulder.他碰了一下我的肩头。

英语这里的 the shoulder,已经是笼统化的概念,它不是指具体的哪一个肩头,因此,第一,它不必明确是左肩还是右肩,第二,即使受动者是多人,the shoulder 仍然保持单数不变:He touched us on the shoulder. 当然,如果本来受动的身体部分或衣物就是成双地受动的,the 后面的这个名词要用复数形式:He shot the tiger between the eyes. 他射击打中了老虎双眼中间。

受动者不一定是人,上面的例句就可以是“老虎”,而且甚至还可以是无生物。

  • I seized the hammer by the handle.我抓住了锤子的柄。

如果受动的身体部分或衣物有描绘性的形容词,它就获得了具体特指的性质,不再是笼统化的概念,此时,就不用 the 而恢复用物主代词。

  • His mother kissed him on his (*the) big, red nose.他母亲吻了他那个又大又红的鼻子。

不过,如果这个形容词只是表示客观的分类,就仍然用 the。

  • He shot him in the(*his) left leg.他开枪打中了他的左腿。
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更新时间:2024/10/30 10:25:24