| 词组 | say |
| 释义 | say When you say something, you use your voice to produce words. The past tense and past participle of 'say' is said , not 'sayed'. You use say when you are quoting directly the words that someone has spoken. 'I've never felt so relaxed,' she said. 'Listen, Rudy,' he said, 'I'm not getting any younger.' He said, 'Gertrude, I'm an awful liar.' In writing, you can use many other verbs instead of say when you are quoting someone's words (see entry at ↑ I said, 'Can I speak to Anna?' She said, 'Just drop me a postcard when you're coming.' You can use 'it' after said to refer to the words a person used when they said something. For example, you can say 'Jane said, ''I'm going now.'' She said it very quietly'. He hadn't said it very nicely. I just said it for something to say. However, if you are referring to what someone has expressed rather than their actual words, you use so, not 'it'. For example, you say 'I didn't agree with him and I said so'. You do not say 'I didn't agree with him and I said it'. It is all quite unnecessary, but nobody dare say so, of course. Why didn't you say so earlier? If you say so, I suppose I'll have to accept it. You can report what someone has said without mentioning their exact words using say and a 'that'-clause. Officials said that at least one soldier had been killed. The woman said Mr Calthrop had left some days before. ◊ 'tell' If you are mentioning the hearer as well as the speaker, you usually use tell, rather than 'say'. The past tense and past participle of 'tell' is told. So, for example, instead of saying 'I said to him that his mother had arrived', you say 'I told him that his mother had arrived'. He told me that he had once studied chemistry. 'He has the ability to run a business,' one financial analyst told me. Similarly, if you want to mention who an order or instruction was given to, you use tell, not 'say'. She told me to be careful. I was told to sit on the front bench. You say that someone tells a story, lie, or joke. You're telling lies now. Mr Crosby, the organist, told jokes and stories. Note that you can also say that someone makes or cracks a joke. However, the meaning is not the same. See entry at ↑ You do not say that someone 'says' a story, lie, or joke. ◊ 'ask' You do not say that someone 'says' a question. You say that they ask a question. Jill began to ask Fred a lot of questions about his childhood. ◊ 'give' You do not say that someone 'says' an order or instruction. You say that they give an order or instruction. He gave an order for special food to be brought to Harold. The Duke had given instructions that everything possible should be done to help them. ◊ 'call' If you want to say that someone describes someone else in a particular way, you can use say followed by a 'that'-clause. For example, you can say 'He said that I was a liar'. A simpler way is to use call. You say 'He called me a liar'. President Nixon called his opponents traitors. ◊ 'talk about' You do not use say to mention what someone is discussing. You do not say, for example, 'He said about the customs of the Incas'. You say 'He talked about the customs of the Incas'. He talked about the pleasures and problems of adopting children. |
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