1. C 石头，石块，石子　 a piece of rock, especially not very large, either of natural shape or cut out specially for building
2. U 矿石，石料　 solid mineral material, a type of rock
3. C 宝石　 jewel or gem

　break ～s　敲碎石子，陷于贫困
　carry ～　运石头
　cut a ～　切石块，凿石头
　dress building ～　修琢建筑石料
　erect a ～　立界碑，立纪念碑
　lay a corner ～　铺奠基石
　remove a ～　搬走石块
　roll ～　滚石
　set a precious ～　镶嵌宝石
　work the ～　加工石料
　cast the first ～　首先攻击
　give a ～ for bread　帮忙是假，愚弄是真
　dangerous ～　危险的石块
　hard ～　坚硬的石头
　heavy ～　沉重的石块
　large ～　大块石头
　light ～　轻石块
　pointed ～　带尖的石头
　precious ～　宝石
　rolling ～　滚石
　building ～　建筑石料
　cherry ～　樱桃核
　corner ～　基石
　foundation ～　奠基石
　mile ～　里程碑
　mill ～　磨石
　sand ～　沙石
　～ block　石块
　～ statue　石雕像
　～'s throw　近处，近在咫尺，一箭之遥
　a pile of ～s　一堆石头
　heart of ～　铁石心肠
　wall of ～　石壁
　kill two birds with one ～　一箭双雕

　The soil is full of stones.　这土里有很多碎石。
　He threw a stone at the dog.　他向狗掷了一块石头。
　The aircraft's engine failed and it dropped like a stone.　飞机的发动机失灵了，结果飞机像石头一样直直地掉了下来。
　Small stones rolled down the hillside as they ran up.　他们跑上山坡，同时有些小石子滚了下来。
　She picked up the stone and threw it into the river.　她捡起那块石头扔进河里。
　What type of stone is this?　这是什么石头?
　The worshippers were buried under a mountain of stone.　香客们被葬在石堆的下面。
　A rolling stone gathers no moss.　滚石不生苔。
　She has a ring set with five stones.　她有一个镶有五颗宝石的戒指。
　His house was built of stone.　他的房子是石料造的。
　In early times men made tools out of stone.　在远古时期，人们用石头来制造工具。
　The wall was of concrete, faced with stone.　这墙是用混凝土建的，表面贴了一层石料。
　There is a stone bridge.　那儿有一座石桥。
　He has a heart of stone.　他有一颗铁石心肠。

 ♣ cast the first stone
　攻击，非难　attack
　What right has she to cast the first stone?　她凭什么首先发难呢?
 ♣ kill two birds with one stone
　一举两得　get two good results from one action
　If I go to New York on Friday, I can kill two birds with one stone. I can go to the doctor and visit my mother the same day.　如果我在星期五去纽约，就能一举两得，既能去看医生，又能在同一天去看我的母亲。
 ♣ leave no stone unturned
　千方百计　do everything one can especially to find or obtain sth
　He left no stone unturned in finishing his homework.　他千方百计完成作业。
　The police left no stone unturned to find the child.　警察千方百计地去寻找孩子。
　The geologists left no stone unturned to discover more oil fields.　为了发现更多的石油，地质工作者千方百计到处勘探。
 ♣ throw the first stone at
　非难，指责　attack
　Many politicians seem to spend too much time throwing the first stones at each other.　许多政客花在相互攻击上面的时间太多了。

 ♣ stone, rock
　这两个词都可表示“石头”。其区别是：stone指体积较小的天然石块；rock指体积巨大的天然石块。例如：
　The wall is made of stone.　这堵墙是石头块砌成的。
　He built his house on rock.　他在岩石上建起了房子。
 ♣ stones, jewel, jewellery
　这三个词都可表示“宝石”。其区别是：stones常为珠宝商们所使用，指用作饰物的各类矿物石，无论是原状的，还是被切割磨光的；jewel表示珍贵的宝石，指经过了切磨、磨光的；jewellery是“珠宝”的总称，意思范围较广，可指珍贵的宝石，也可指价值不大的仿造钻石。例如：
　He is a jewel thief.　他是个珠宝大盗。
　Her jewellery was insured for one million dollars.　她的珠宝保险价为100万美元。

　大理石是一种珍贵的石料。
　［误］ Marble is precious stone.
　［正］ Marble is a precious stone.
　［析］ stone作“石料”解时为物质名词，不可数，但stone前面可加不定冠词a，表示“一种”。

　［派生词］ stony adj.多石头的；冷酷的；无情的‖stonily adv.冷酷地；无情地‖stoniness n.冷酷；无情
　［同义词］ boulder, cobble, pebble, rock
　［词源］　古英语stan<希腊语stion （卵石）