1. vt. & vi.（以…)瞄准；针对　 point (a gun etc.) towards; send, direct a blow or object at sb/sth
2. vt. & vi.以…为目标〔目的　〕 have as an intention; try, direct one's efforts
3. vt. & vi.计划，打算　 hope to reach one's purpose; plan

　～ a blow 　（对…)打击
　～ a fire　把火力对准
　～ a gun　用枪对准
　～ a missile　把导弹瞄准
　～ a pistol　把枪对准
　～ a stone　抛掷石头
　～ an arrow　用箭对准
　～ criticism　使批评针对…
　～ satire　使讽刺针对…
　～ high　向上瞄准，雄心很大
　～ low　志向太低
　～ straight　直接对准
　～ ambitiously　有野心地打算
　～ apparently　明显地以…为目标
　～ basically　以…为基本目的
　～ carefully　仔细瞄准
　～ confessedly　自己承认地打算
　～ consciously　自觉地以…为目的
　～ deliberately　故意针对
　～ fictitiously　虚构地打算
　～ fundamentally　以…为基本目标
　～ futilely　徒劳地打算
　～ generously　大方地打算
　～ heroically　英雄般地打算
　～ immediately　立即打算
　～ impossibly　不可能以…为目的
　～ instructively　有益地针对
　～ irrelevantly　不相关地打算
　～ laudably　值得赞许地以…为目的
　～ loftily　崇高地打算
　～ logically　合理地打算
　～ modestly　谦逊地打算
　～ murderously　极其危险地定目标于
　～ poetically　理想地以…为目标
　～ primarily　首先针对
　～ principally　主要地打算
　～ radically　根本地打算
　～ soberly　审慎地打算
　～ solely　目的完全在于
　～ unselfishly　无私地打算
　～ uselessly　无用地以…为目的
　～ vainly　无结果地以…为目标
　～ above　瞄得过高
　～ at　瞄准
　～ at a deer　瞄准一只鹿
　～ at a lion　对准一头狮子
　～ at a tiger　对准一只老虎
　～ at a wolf　对准一匹狼
　～ at being perfect　力求完美
　～ at perfection　力求完美
　～ at quick scoring　为了迅速取胜
　～ for　计划，打算

　He aimed carefully before he let the arrow fly.　他仔细瞄准后才把箭射出去。
　Rick told me it was hard luck he had aimed too high.　里克告诉我他目标定的太高是件倒霉的事。
　So you're going to be Prime Minister when you grow up? You are aiming high.　你长大后要做总理? 你雄心不小。
　We should go all out and aim high.　我们应当鼓足干劲，力争上游。
　Work hard and aim high!　奋发图强！
　Aim high and have lofty ambition!　树雄心，立壮志！
　He aimed the gun carefully.　他用枪仔细瞄准。
　He aims a violent blow upon her.　他对准她下了重击。
　I aim to be an engineer.　我有志成为一名工程师。
　I aim to be friendly.　我是想友好相待的。
　Harry aims to become a computer expert.　哈利立志成为一名计算机专家。
　I aim to finish up this job.　我打算结束这项工作。
　We aim to perfect ourselves in English.　我们的目的在于使自己精通英语。
　Mary aimed to please her customers.　玛丽的目的是取悦于自己的顾客。
　He aims to encourage mutual understanding.　他的目的在于增进相互了解。
　She aims to gain the Nobel Prize.　她的目标是获得诺贝尔奖金。
　He aims to save up enough money for a world cruise.　他打算储蓄足够的钱供环球旅行之用。
　They said the push aimed to eliminate threat to the city.　他们说这一努力旨在排除对城市的威胁。
　She aims to succeed.　她立志成功。

 ♣ aim at　(v.+prep.)
1. （以…)瞄准；针对，以…为目标 point a gun etc. towards; send, direct a blow or object at sb/sth; have as a plan or intention
　He drew his pistol and aimed at the enemy soldier.　他拔出枪对准敌兵。
　They raised their guns and aimed at the enemies' backs.　他们端起枪，瞄准了敌人的后背。
　Mr. Abye was not a good hunter. He aimed at a rabbit, but hit a bird.　艾比先生不是个好猎手，他瞄准了一只兔子，却打中了一只鸟。
　He forced himself to breathe slowly, and aimed at the tiger's head.　他努力使自己呼吸放松，瞄准了虎头。
　When shooting an arrow, one must aim at the target.　射箭要对准靶。
　He aimed at the target and hit three bull's eyes in succession.　他瞄准目标，三枪连中靶心。
　I didn't mean to hit the cat, I was aiming at the tree.　我没想到打中猫，我瞄准的是树。
　In saying this, I'm not aiming at you.　我这话不是针对你说的。
　What are you aiming at by saying that?　你这样说的用意何在?
　We aim at success in the examination.　我们目的在于在考试中成功。
　We are aiming at a higher production level.　我们旨在提高生产水平。
　This dictionary aims at explaining the most common mistakes in word use.　本词典旨在说明用词上最易犯的通病。
　The factory must aim at increasing production.　工厂必须以增产为目的。
　This book aims at giving a general outline of the subject.　此书旨在对这个问题予以概述。
　This education aimed at combining brain work with manual labour.　此项教育的目的在于实现脑力劳动与体力劳动的结合。
　She aimed a revolver at me.　她用左轮手枪瞄准我。
　The detective aimed his pistol at the criminal.　侦探把他的手枪对准犯人。
　He aimed his gun at the lion, fired and missed.　他把枪对准狮子，开了火，但没打中。
　Aim the gun at the barn door.　用枪瞄准谷仓的门。
　You will have to aim your gun more carefully at the chosen object.　你得更细心地瞄准，把枪对准选定的目标。
　I walked over and saw him aiming his home-made gun at a hole.　我走过去看见他用自己做的枪对着一个洞瞄准。
　The big boy aimed a blow at me.　那个大个男孩朝我打来一拳。
　He picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog.　他捡起一块石头朝狗打去。
　Tom got angry at his brother and aimed a heavy book at his head.　汤姆对他弟弟大发雷霆，拿起一本厚厚的书对准弟弟的头掷去。
　My remark was not aimed at you.　我的议论不是针对你的。
　His criticism was obviously aimed at us.　他的批评显然是针对我们的。
　His speech was aimed at the boys who had not played fair.　他说的是那些没认真表演的孩子们。
　The judge's remarks were aimed at the journalists who were reporting the case.　法官的评论是针对正在报道此案的记者们讲的。
　This anti-smoking campaign is mainly aimed at young teenagers.　这次反吸烟运动主要是针对青少年的。
　When the teacher said there was a lazy boy in the class, he was aiming at Jack.　教师说班上有个懒学生，他指的是杰克。
　We all realized who that remark was aimed at.　我们心里都明白那句话是冲谁说的。
　I don't know at whom the Minister's remarks were aimed, but he ought not to say such thing.　我不知道部长的那番话是针对谁的，但他不应该说那些话。
　The visit was aimed at expanding relations between the two countries.　访问的目的是扩展两国的关系。
　The offensive is aimed at gaining complete control of route 7.　发动这次攻势的目的是要完全控制第七号公路。
　The statement was aimed at raising his personal prestige.　发表这个声明只是为了提高他个人的威信。
　The new decree is aimed at stopping the black market in Western merchandise.　新法令旨在禁止西方货品的黑市。
2. 计划，打算 try, direct one's efforts; hope to reach one's purpose

　He aimed at the apple and orange.　他想要苹果和橘子。
　He aims at perfection in everything he does.　他每干一件事都力求干得尽善尽美。
　Harry aims at becoming a doctor.　哈利立志做一名医生。
　You should always aim at doing your job well.　你应力求始终做好本职工作。
　If the people aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success.　假如这些人一心想升官发财，是没有人希望他们成功的。
　Finally in 1863 an insurrection broke out, aiming at independence.　终于在1863年爆发了旨在独立的起义。
　Everything aimed at has now been achieved.　所有的目的都已达到。
 ♣ aim for　(v.+prep.)
　计划，打算　hope to reach one's purpose

　He aimed for her leg.　他企图抓住她的腿。
　We should aim for the best results.　我们力求获得最佳结果。
　She aims for perfection.　她力求成为一个完美的人。
　We're aiming for complete enrollment.　我们希望全部加入。
　She was aiming for the top in her career.　她立志攀登事业的顶峰。
　It soon became clear that he was aiming for a directorship.　他想当厂长的意图很快便看清了。
　We aim for the completion of the task by the end of the year.　我们的最终目的是最迟年底完成这项工作。

 ♣ aim to-v, aim at v-ing
　aim　在作“目的在于…”解时接动词不定式或"at+动名词”均可，只是to do的形式在美国更多用些，而at doing的形式在英国更多用些。另外，美式英语中还常用aim to do表示“想干”“打算干”，而英式英语中则常用hope和try. 例如：


 ♣ aim at, aim for
　这两个短语都可以表示“希望（达到某个目标）”。其区别在于：
1. 在含义上， aim for比aim at更强调“最终目的”（而不是为它而做的努力）。例如：
　It isn't just a seat in the Cabinet at which he is aiming, but the Prime Ministership itself.　他不仅想当内阁大臣，而且是当首相。
　I was aiming for the chimney-pot, but the stone fell short and went through a skylight in the roof.　我原想打烟筒管帽的，但是石头没有击中目标，穿过了屋顶上的天窗。
2. aim at后可接名词或动名词；而aim for之后只接名词，不接动名词。
3. aim at除表示“希望（达到某个目标）”外，还可表示“瞄准”“针对”，且这时可以用于被动结构；而aim for不表示“瞄准”和“针对”，也不用于被动结构。
 ♣ aim at, be aimed at
　这两者的共同意思是“目的是，旨在”，其区别在于：
1. 构成不同：aim at是由不及物动词+介词（短语）构成的短语动词，用作及物动词；而be aimed at中的aimed是过去分词，用于系表结构。
2. 作用不同：aim at既可表示状态，又可表示动作；而be aimed at只能表示状态。例如：
　I wonder what he was aiming at.　我不知道他当时的目的何在。
　He aims at improving his pronunciation.　他想要改进他的发音。
　The modification is aimed at improving efficiency.　改进旨在提高效率。
3. aim at还可以表示“瞄准”；而be aimed at则无此含义。
 ♣ aim, level, point, train
　这组词的共同意思是“对准”“瞄准”，它们之间的区别是：
1. 瞄准方法不同：aim指端起枪瞄准；train指把枪放在对准其目标的位置上；level指把枪放在水平位置上瞄准；point则指以某物的一端或尖端对准某一点。例如：
　The army trained its cannon on the fort.　军队把大炮对准了要塞。
　The second sentry leveled his halberd at the parson's breast.　第二个警卫把他的戟对准了牧师的胸口。
　He pointed his finger at me.　他用手指着我。
2. 搭配范围不同：aim和train可以表示以镜头对准；而level和point不能这样用。例如可以说He trained the camera upon the children.它把相机对准孩子们。
3. 连用的介词不同：aim与at, for连用；train与on〔upon〕连用；level与at, against连用；而point则与at, to连用。
4. 使用场合不同：aim for多见于较正式的文体中。

1. U 瞄准　 the act of directing weapon, etc. at object; the act of aiming
2. C 目标，目的　 purpose, intention, goal, target

　accomplish the ～　实现目的
　achieve one's ～　达到自己的目的
　affect ～　影响目标
　applaud ～　称赞目的
　attain one's ～　达到目的
　avoid ～　取消目标
　baffle ～　阻挠，妨碍目标实现
　calculate ～　评价，估计目标
　carry out ～　实现目标
　cast out ～　抛弃目标
　defeat the ～　破坏目的
　define ～　详细说明目标
　design ～　设计目标
　direct ～　指定，指引目标
　disguise ～　掩饰目的
　dissipate ～　消散目的，驱散目的
　divert the ～ of　转移…目标
　embrace ～　接受目标
　encourage ～　支持，鼓励目标
　endorse ～　认可，赞同目标
　estimate ～　评定，估计目标
　execute one's ～　贯彻目标
　expose the ～s of　揭露…的目的
　fulfill ～　达到目的
　guide ～　指导目标
　have a high ～ in life　胸怀壮志
　hinder ～　阻挠目标
　lead ～　引导目标
　level ～　对准目标
　mark ～　当心目标
　miss one's ～　失去目标，达不到目标
　obtain ～　达到目的
　point ～　指向目标
　promote ～　增进目标
　propose ～　定为目标
　pursue ～　追求目标
　realize the ～　实现目标
　restrict ～　限制目标
　sanction ～　认可目标
　set forth the ～s of　… 提出目标
　set out the ～s of　提出目标
　take ～　瞄准
　train ～　对准，瞄准目标
　wander from ～　离开目标
　accurate ～　精确的目标
　altered ～　改变了的目标
　altruistic ～　利人的目标
　ambitious ～　雄心勃勃的目标
　apparent ～　明显的目标
　basic ～　基本的目的
　careful ～　仔细瞄准
　central ～　中心目标
　cherished ～　珍爱的目标
　chief ～　首要目标
　common ～　共同的目标
　confessed ～　公认的目的
　conscious ～　自觉的目的
　consistent ～　始终如一的目标
　criminal ～　罪恶的目的
　deadly ～　绝对精确的瞄准
　deliberate ～　慎重而迟缓的目的
　devotional ～　专心的目的
　double ～　双重目标
　elevated ～　崇高的目标
　fictitious ～　假定的目标
　first ～　第一个目标
　fixed ～　固定目标
　frustrated ～　失意的目标
　fundamental ～　根本目的
　futile ～　徒劳无益的目标
　generous ～　大方的目标
　great ～　伟大的目标
　heroic ～　英勇的目标
　high ～　很高的志向
　honorable ～　高尚的志向
　illusory ～　虚幻的目标
　immediate ～　目前的目标
　impossible ～　不可能的目标
　impracticable ～　不切实际的目标
　infallible ～　绝对确实的目的
　instructive ～　有益的目标
　intelligible ～　可理解的目标
　irrelevant ～　不相关的目的
　kindred ～　类似的目的
　laudable ～　值得褒奖的目标
　leading ～　主要目标
　limited ～　有限的目标
　lofty ～s　崇高的目标
　logical ～　符合逻辑的目标
　modest ～　谦逊的目标
　murderous ～　行凶的目标
　noble ～　高尚的目标
　novel ～　新奇的目标
　original ～　原来的目标
　paltry ～　微不足道的目标
　personal ～　个人目的
　picture ～　生动的目标
　poetic ～　诗般的，理想的目的
　praiseworthy ～　值得称赞的目标
　primal ～　主要目标
　primary ～　首要目的
　principal ～　首要目的
　selfish ～　自私的目的
　similar ～　类似的目标
　single ～　唯一目标
　sinister ～　阴险的目的
　sober ～　审慎的目标
　sole ～　唯一的目的
　sordid ～　卑鄙的目的
　steady ～　坚定不移的目标
　true ～　真正目的
　ulterior ～　间接的目标
　ultimate ～　最终目的
　unattainable ～　难以达到的目标
　undeviating ～　不偏倚的目标
　unerring ～　正确的目标
　vain ～　徒然无效的目标
　wild ～　狂妄的目标，胡乱瞄准
　～ in life　人生的目标
　～ of the course　这门课程的目的

　His aim was very good〔excellent〕.　他瞄得很准。
　His aim with a gun isn't as good as his aim with a bow.　他用枪不如用弓瞄得准。
　The gunner's aim was on target.　枪手瞄准了靶子。
　His aim was so poor that he missed the lion.　他的瞄准很差，没打中狮子。
　He missed his aim, and did not hit the target.　他瞄错了目标，没打准。
　He leaned against a tree to steady his aim.　他靠在树上稳定瞄准。
　His aim is honorable and praiseworthy.　他的目的是高尚的，值得称赞的。
　Its aim is the vast improvement and education of the people.　它旨在大幅度地提高人民的素质和教育水平。
　Her aim was to do two years' work in one.　她的目标是一年内完成二年的工作。
　Our aim is to make the students' speech comprehensible.　我们的目的是使学生的讲话被人理解。
　What's your aim in life?　你人生的目标是什么?
　They had similar aims.　他们有相似的目标。
　She is determined to achieve her aim of being a scientist.　她决心要实现当科学家的目标。

 ♣ give aim　
　报告射靶结果　report the results of shooting, standing aside far away
　The soldier is giving aim to his official.　士兵正给长官报告射靶结果。
 ♣ have an aim　
　有目标，有雄心　have purpose, have ambition
　He has a high aim in life.　他人生目标很高。
 ♣ take aim (at)　
　瞄准　get ready to hit
　Take aim! Fire!　瞄准！放！
　The captain orders "Take aim", finally.　船长终于下令“瞄准”。
　She takes good aim.　她射得准。
　Before the hunter could take aim, the deer jumped out of sight.　在猎手瞄准前，鹿已经逃了。
　This man takes a steady aim.　这个人的目标坚定不移。
　He took careful aim at the target before he fired.　开火之前他仔细地瞄准了目标。
　He took aim at the bird but missed.　他向那只鸟瞄准，但未射中。
　The gunners took aim at the enemy spy plane and brought it down.　射手们瞄准敌人的间谍飞机，把它打了下来。
 ♣ with the aim of　
　以…为目标，其目的是为了　as a purpose with sth
　He invested his money with the aim of providing himself with an income when he retired.　他投资是为了保证自己退休以后能有收入。
　The competition was started with the aim of encouraging young writers.　我们开展此项竞赛以鼓励新的年轻作家为目的。
 ♣ without aim　
　无目的　no purpose
　The girl does everything without aim.　这个姑娘办事没目标。
　You cannot go through life without any aim at all.　你不能毫无目的地混一辈子。

 ♣ aim, goal, purpose
　这组词的共同含义是“目的”，常通用，如aim〔goal, purpose〕 in life人生目标。它们之间的区别主要在于：
1. goal指比较宏大的总目标；purpose指近期比较确定的意图；aim指短期内比较具体、实际的目标。例如：
　He often asked himself what his goal in life should be.　他常常自问人生的目标该是什么。
　Do you come here for the purpose of seeing your family or for business purpose?　你来此地是为了看家还是为了做生意?
　Their aim was to take over industry for her.　他们的目标是为她接管产业。
　再如下面把aim和goal用在同一个句子里，其区别就更明显易见了：
　His aim was to pass his examinations this year and go to college so he could eventually reach his goal of being a teacher.　他的目标是今年考上大学，以便最终实现当教师的抱负。
2. purpose强调“有意去做”（行动坚决）; aim强调“集中精力去做”（联想“瞄准”)。在努力程度上， aim比purpose要弱。例如：
　I am afraid he did it on purpose.　我担心他是有意这么做的。
　His only aim in life is to make a fortune.　他生活的唯一目标是赚钱发财。
3. goal具有理想性，并不强调最后一定要实现；purpose和aim则暗示能够实现，这在动词aim for中体现最明显。例如：
　The presidency was the goal of his ambition.　他的奋斗目标是当总统。
　His aim is to become a doctor.　他的目标是当一个医生。
4. purpose可以由他人来完成；而goal则往往靠自己去努力。例如：
　The purpose of a tutorial system was to let each student realize his own educational goal.　导师制旨在让学生认清自己的学习目标。
5. aim不如goal和purpose生动。

　我们希望用和平手段达到目标。
　［误］ We hope to reach our aim by peaceful means.
　［正］ We hope to achieve〔realize〕 our aim by peaceful means.
　［析］ aim不与reach连用，“达到目的”应说achieve〔realize aim〕。

　［同义词］ v. direct, point, strive for, try n. end, point
　［词源］中古英语aimen（瞄，看，估计）