1. vt. & vi.（使）燃烧　 catch fire; be on fire
2. vt.（火或强酸）烧毁，焚毁，烧伤　 be destroy by fire; be damage or injure by fire or acid; be hurt by fire or acid
3. vt. & vi.生气，情绪激动　 be filled with strong feeling

　～ alive　活活烧死
　～ black　烧黑
　～ blue　火光发蓝
　～ bright　火光明亮
　～ dim　火光昏暗
　～ dull　烧得不旺
　～ hard　烧硬
　～ red　火光发红
　～ warm　烧暖
　～ a hole　把…烧个洞
　～ a hole in one's pocket　存不住钱，有钱就花
　～ a torch　点火把
　～ anger　怒火燃烧
　～ bricks　烧砖
　～ candles　点蜡烛
　～ charcoal　烧炭
　～ coal　烧煤
　～ daylight　白日点灯，徒劳无益
　～ fuel　烧燃料
　～ gas　烧煤气
　～ lime　烧石灰
　～ log　烧木头
　～ meat　烤肉
　～ one's bridges　破釜沉舟
　～ one's fingers　自讨苦吃
　～ one's hand　烫了手
　～ one's mouth　（茶）烫嘴，（辣椒）辣得嘴发烧
　～ one's tongue　（茶）烫舌头，（辣椒）辣得舌头发烧
　～ the candle at both ends　过度消耗精力
　～ the midnight oil　开夜车，干到深夜
　～ torches　点火把
　～ deep　深度烧伤
　～ fast　火势凶猛
　～ low　火力减弱
　～ badly　严重烧伤
　～ brightly　燃烧得旺
　～ brilliantly　燃烧得旺
　～ briskly　火烧得旺
　～ cheerfully　暖融融地燃烧
　～ dimly　烛光昏暗
　～ dully　炉火不旺
　～ easily　易燃
　～ fiercely　熊熊燃烧
　～ furiously　熊熊地燃烧
　～ merrily　炉火暖融融
　～ quietly　静静地燃烧
　～ severely　严重地烧伤
　～ vigorously　熊熊燃烧
　～ away　烧掉，烧毁，使逐渐消灭
　～ down　减弱，烧毁
　～ in　留下不可磨灭的印象
　～ off　驱散，烧光
　～ on　被烧坏
　～ out　（把…)烧坏，烧光，用火（把…)赶出，使筋疲力尽
　～ together　熔接，烧焊
　～ up　（把…)烧掉，（使…)生气，恼火
　～ at　被烧死在…
　～ at the stake　在火刑柱上焚烧
　～ for　渴望
　～ for utterance　急于发言
　～ from　因…而刺痛
　～ from cold　冻得发痛
　～ into　在…烧上、烙上（记号等），形成（某种习惯、看法等）
　～ into one's mind　在心目中留下不可磨灭的印象
　～ to　使烧成…，烧到…
　～ to ashes　烧成灰烬
　～ to death　烧死
　～ to the ground　烧成平地
　～ with　与…一起燃烧，强烈地感受到
　～ with a desire　强烈希望
　～ with ambition　野心勃勃
　～ with anger　怒火燃烧
　～ with ardor for study　对学习充满热情
　～ with curiosity　有强烈的好奇心
　～ with devotion to duty　极端忠于职守
　～ with fever　发烧
　～ with flame　火焰熊熊
　～ with hope　充满希望
　～ with jealousy　妒火中烧
　～ with love　情火炽烈
　～ with passion　心急如焚
　～ with resentment　强烈不满
　～ with shame　羞得（两颊）发烧

　The stove is burning.　炉火在烧着。
　You'd better keep the fire burning in the evening.　你最好晚上让炉火继续燃烧。
　The fire is burning briskly.　炉火烧得很旺。
　The oil is burning.　油在燃烧。
　The forest was burning furiously.　森林在熊熊地燃烧。
　Stone won't burn.　石头不会燃烧。
　Paper burns easily.　纸容易燃烧。
　Buildings were smashed and burning and rubble heaps blocked many streets.　许多楼房倒塌，正在燃烧，瓦砾堆堵塞了许多街道。
　That place was burning fast.　那个地方火势很猛。
　All the lights were burning.　所有的灯都亮着。
　His heart was burning like fire.　他的心像火烧一样。
　His spirit burns as warm as in youth.　他的精神和年轻时一样旺盛。
　The milk has burned.　牛奶已烧焦。
　The meat is burning.　肉糊了。
　The fire burned red.　火烧得通红。
　The sky burned bright.　天空烧得明亮。
　The old man was burning hot and breathing with difficulty.　老人正在发着高烧，呼吸也困难。
　She would not say a word even though the enemy threatened to burn her.　尽管敌人威胁要烧死她，但她依然只字未说。
　The child burnt his fingers while playing with fire.　那孩子玩火时烧伤了自己的手指。
　Some acids are strong enough to burn the wood.　有些酸的酸性强得可以烧坏木头。
　The milk is very hot; don't burn your mouth.　牛奶很热，不要烫了嘴。
　She burnt her leg badly.　她的一条腿严重烫伤了。
　The pepper burnt his tongue.　辣椒辣得他舌头发烧。
　What burnt him after all?　到底是什么激怒了他?
　She was burnt in a raging fire while working in a factory.　她在工厂劳动时被烈火烧伤了。
　The potatoes were burnt.　土豆给煮糊了。
　People used to burn an oil lamp to get light.　从前人们点油灯照明。
　Many people burn wood to keep themselves warm in winter.　许多人冬天烧木柴取暖。
　The sun burnt him quite black.　他晒得很黑。
　More than forty people were burnt alive.　有40多人被活活烧死了。
　The bread is burnt black and hard.　面包被烤得又黑又老。
　A burnt child dreads the fire.　一次被火烧，见火就害怕。
　They were burning to avenge the death of their leader.　他们极为激动地要为他们首领之死报仇。
　My younger brother is burning to go to the countryside.　我弟弟渴望着下乡。
　She was burning to buy a computer.　她很想买台电脑。
　It is burning hot.　太热了。

 ♣ burn away　(v.+adv.)
　继续燃烧；烧毁，烧掉（某物）　continue burning; destroy (sth) by burning
　The fire was burning away cheerfully.　炉火融融。
　The forest fire burnt away for days.　森林大火烧了好几天。
　The fire burned away for five days.　火一直烧了五天。
　Half of the oil in the lamp had burned away.　灯里的油已经烧掉了一半。
　The sunlight has burnt away the haze.　日光使烟雾消散了。
　Half the candle had been burnt away.　蜡烛已烧掉了一半。
　When the pilot reached hospital, it was found that tissue had been burnt away from his face and hands.　当那个飞行员被送到医院时，人们发现他脸上和双手的组织都烧坏了。
　The skin on his feet was burnt away.　他脚上的皮被烧掉了。
 ♣ burn down　(v.+adv.)
1. （火）减弱 burn lower, less strongly
　The fire burns down slowly.　火慢慢地变弱了。
　When the firemen came the fire has burned down.　当消防员到的时候，火已经快灭了。
　Let's leave the fire to burn down and go into our tents.　让火自己慢慢熄灭，我们进帐篷吧。
　The room grew colder as the fire burnt down.　随着炉火渐渐减弱，屋子变得越来越冷了。
2. （使）烧毁 (cause to) be destroyed by fire
　The house burnt down in half an hour.　那所房子在半小时之内就被烧光了。
　The demonstrators burned police vans down.　示威者烧毁了数辆警车。
　Don't leave the gas on— you might burn the house down.　别忘了关煤气炉——不然会把房子烧掉的。
　The enemy soldiers burnt all the houses down.　敌兵烧毁了所有的房屋。
　A fire burnt the house down.　一场火将房子烧毁了。
　The puppet troops burnt the whole village down.　伪军焚毁了整个村庄。
　The magistrates are allowed to burn house down while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.　只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
　The old house was burnt down and only ashes were left.　那座老房子被火烧光了，只剩下灰烬。
　A number of houses were burned down in the fire.　在火灾中，好些房子给烧毁了。
　The city was all burnt down during the war.　战争期间这座城市全部给烧毁了。
 ♣ burn for　(v.+prep.)
1. （火）在…期间不断燃烧，（灯）在…期间持续点燃 continue burning during (a period of time)
　The fire in the factory has been burning for three days now.　那家工厂着火，已经整整烧了三天。
　The fire burned for several hours.　火烧了好几个小时。
2. 渴望（成功等） desire (sth such as success) greatly
　The young singer has been burning for a chance to hear the cheers of the crowd.　那年轻的歌手一直渴望能听到观众的喝彩声。
　He has been burning for the happiest moment of his life.　他一直盼望着一生中最幸福的时刻。
 ♣ burn in　(v.+adv.)
　留下不可磨灭的印象　fix by burning, so that removal is impossible; fix in the mind, so that removal is impossible
　What he heard burnt in.　他听到的话给他留下了不可磨灭的印象。
　What we have seen and heard in China burnt in.　我们在中国的所见所闻给我们留下不可磨灭的印象。
 ♣ burn into　(v.+prep.)
1. 在…上烧，烙上（记号等） fix (a mark, etc.) by burning so that it cannot be removed
　His words burnt into my mind.　他的话使我毕生难忘。
　The sight of such poverty burned into his soul.　这贫穷的景象使他毕生难忘。
　Some letters had been burnt into the wood.　木头上烙了一些字。
　The owner's mark was burnt into the animal's skin.　那头牲口身上烙有主人的印记。
　That day is burnt into my memory.　那一天我毕生难忘。
2. 形成（某种习惯、看法等） fix (an idea, etc.) so that it cannot be removed
　The habit of obedience was burned into me as a child.　我从小就养成了顺从的习惯。
 ♣ burn off　(v.+adv.)
1. 烧掉，烧毁（某物） destroy (sth) by burning
　Burn off the old paint, fill any cracks in the woodwork, and rub down well with sandpaper.　将这件木器原来的漆烧掉，填补好上面的裂缝，再用砂纸磨光。
　We are going to burn off the rubbish.　我们准备把垃圾烧掉。
　The sun has burnt off the morning mist.　太阳已驱散了晨雾。
2. 用火烧从（地里）清除谷物残茬 remove the remains of grain crops from (a field)
　Now that they have gathered in the crops, the farmers are burning off the stubble in the fields.　农民已经收割完毕，正在地里烧残茬。
　The paint has been burned off.　油画被烧掉了。
　His hair was burnt off.　他的头发让火烧掉了。
　All the house was burnt off.　整个房子都被烧掉了。
 ♣ burn out　(v.+adv.)
1. 把（通常为建筑物、汽车等）烧得只剩一个空壳；因火灾使（某人）无家可归 make (usually a building or vehicle) hollow by fire; make (sb) homeless by fire
　Flames burnt out two adjoining houses.　大火将附近两幢房子烧得只剩空架子了。
　We'll burn out the rats in the hole.　我们要用火把洞里的老鼠赶出来。
　The building was burnt out and only the walls remained.　那幢建筑物除了墙以外都烧光了。
　The factory was completely burnt out.　这家工厂被完全焚毁了。
　The car has been burnt out.　这辆小汽车烧得只剩下一个空壳了。
　The plane was completely burnt out after the crash.　飞机坠毁后烧得只剩一个空壳。
　The family were burnt out of their home twice last year.　这个家庭去年两次因着火而无家可归。
　Thousands of people were burned out and made homeless overnight.　成千上万的人被大火赶出了家门，一夜之间变得无家可归。
2. （使）停止燃烧；由于过热而烧坏，停止工作 (cause to) stop burning; stop working through the action of heat
　The oil lamp burnt out.　油灯因油燃尽而熄灭了。
　The light bulb in the bathroom burned out and father put in a new one.　洗澡间的电灯烧坏了，父亲装上了一个新的。
　He burnt out the clutch on his car.　他把他汽车上的离合器烧坏了。
　During the long race he burned out his brakes.　他在那次长距离比赛中把刹车片用坏了。
　The fire burned itself out.　大火不再烧了。
3. （使）失去活力，（使）垮掉 (cause to) stop being active
　The farmer burned out his field by planting the same crop every year for many years.　这农民多年来一直种同一种作物，把土地的肥力都耗尽了。
　The poet burned out his ability before he was thirty.　那个诗人的才能在30岁前已经枯竭了。
　Bill burned himself out in the first part of the race and could not finish.　比尔在赛跑一开始就耗尽了力气，结果没有跑完全程。
　You'll burn yourself out if you work too hard.　你要是太辛苦的话，会累垮的。
　Mary was warned not to burn herself out with too much work.　有人提醒玛丽，不要工作过度累坏身体。
　When we got back from the cinema we found that the fire had burnt itself out.　当我们从电影院回来时，火已经燃尽了。
　The last time I saw him, he looked completely burned out.　我最后一次见到他时，他看上去已经彻底累垮了。
 ♣ burn to　(v.+prep.)
1. 把…烧成… burn sth, such as food, till it is hard and dry
　The hamlet had been burned to the ground.　这座村落已完全被烧光了。
　How many buildings were burnt to the ground in the late fire?　在最近的这场火灾中有几座大楼被烧成了平地?
　The pie and potatoes were burned to cinders.　馅饼和土豆都烧成了灰。
　Whatever's happened to the meat?It's burnt to a crisp!　这肉究竟是怎么回事?都烧成焦块儿了！
　The rice was burnt to a crisp when she was sleeping.　当她睡觉时，米饭烧煳了。
2. 烧死某人 kill sb with fire
　The witch was burned to death.　那个女巫烧死了。
　The heretics were burnt to death at the stake.　这些异教徒被烧死在火刑柱上。
　Twenty-three people were burnt to death in the hotel fire.　旅馆的一场火灾使23人丧生。
　Many people were burnt to death in the fire.　大火中，很多人被烧死了。
 ♣ burn up　(v.+adv.)
1. 烧起来，旺起来 burst into flames again
　If you put on more coal the fire will burn up.　你加点煤火就会旺起来。
　He threw a log on the fire, and it was burned up with a crackle.　他扔了一块木柴在火上，使它劈劈啪啪地燃了起来。
2. （彻底）烧光，烧尽（某物） destroy (sth) completely by fire; be destroyed by great heat
　The fire burned up more than ￡50,000 worth of antiques.　这次大火烧毁了价值50,000英镑的古董。
　We burnt up all the garden rubbish.　我们将花园中的垃圾全部烧掉了。
　The spacecraft was burned up when it re-entered the earth's atmosphere.　那艘宇宙飞船再次进入地球大气层时因高温被焚毁。
　If lightning strikes, the haystack will be burned up in no time.　这堆干草如果受到闪电轰击很快就会烧光。
　The house was burned up before the firemen got there.　救火队员到达前房子已烧光了。
3. 斥责（某人）；使（某人）发怒 scold (sb); cause (sb) to be very angry
　The boy's rudeness burned up his teacher.　那个男孩的无理行为使老师大发雷霆。
　He always burned up his mother.　他老使他妈妈发火。
　It burned me up that she was not promoted.　她没有被提升，这使我很气愤。
　It burns me up the way she treated me.　她这般对待我使我大冒肝火。
　He was all burned up about it.　他对这事很生气。
 ♣ burn with　(v.+prep.)
1. 与…一起燃烧 be on fire with (sth)
　Woods burned with paper.　木头和纸一起燃烧着。
　The flames burned with increasing force.　火越烧越旺。
2. 充满，被…煎熬 feel (sth) strongly
　Jim burned with anger when he heard how Mary had been treated.　吉姆听到玛丽所受的待遇后，怒火中烧。
　Her words made his heart burn with frustration.　她那些话使他极端灰心丧气。
　His cheeks were burning with shame.　他羞得脸上发烧。
　His forehead burns with fever.　他的前额因发烧而滚烫。
　He was burning with the desire to catch up with his classmates in studies.　他急着要在学习方面赶上班上的同学们。
　His heart burned with longing for revenge.　他心中燃烧着急欲复仇的怒火。
　She burned with longing for her absent son.　她忧心如焚地思念着她不在身边的儿子。
　Visitors were burning with enthusiasm to tour the city.　客人们兴致勃勃地急着去游览这座城市。

 ♣ burn down, burn out, burn up
　这三个短语都可表示“烧光”。其区别是：burn down强调把某物“烧毁”，除此之外还可表示火势“减弱”。例如：
　The fire burns down slowly.　火慢慢地熄灭了。
　burn out　强调“燃烧完了”。例如：
　The match soon burnt out.　火柴很快烧完了。
　burn up　除表示“烧光”外，还可表示“烧了起来”。例如：
　The fire burnt up suddenly.　火突然烧了起来。
 ♣ burn, char, scorch, sear, singe
　这组词都有“烧伤，烫伤”的意思。burn包含的意思最广泛，可指火、热、酸等所伤，但不强调损坏的程度。scorch侧重于表面受伤，强调表面变色，有时损伤到内部组织。char指全部或部分地烧焦。sear指烧或烤干表面，使其坚硬或干燥，尤指烧灼动物的肌肉。singe指烧去表皮上的短毛。
 ♣ 下面两个短语意思不同：

 ♣ 下面两句意思相同：

1. 孩子们充满了好奇心。
　［误］ The children were burned with curiosity.
　［正］ The children were burning with curiosity.
　［析］ be burning with是习惯用法，表示“充满了某种情感”，若前无be的话则可以用过去式。
2. 那个男孩在火中被烧死了。
　［误］ That boy was burnt down.
　［正］ That boy was burnt to death.
　［析］ “人被烧死”决不能说burn down，而应该说burn to death.
3. 这个被烧伤的女孩害怕火。
　［误］ The burned girl dreads the fire.
　［正］ The burnt girl dreads the fire.
　［析］ 当过去分词作定语时，通常用burnt而不用burned.

1. U C 烧伤，灼伤　 an injury caused by burning
2. C 烧痕，烧过的地方　 a burned place or area

　burn　用作名词时有3个意思：①“烧”，指抽象的燃烧动作或状态，是不可数名词；②“伤”，指烧伤或刺痛，是可数名词；③“痕”，指烧过或烧伤的痕迹，是可数名词。

　brush ～　擦伤
　dress a ～　包扎伤口
　get ～　被烧伤
　receive ～　被烧伤
　chemical ～　化学品灼伤
　cosmetic ～　化妆性烧伤
　dark ～　烧暗
　deep ～　严重烧伤
　first degree ～　一度烧伤
　minor ～　轻度烧伤
　painful ～　痛伤
　serious ～　严重烧伤
　severe ～　严重烧伤
　terrible ～　严重烧伤
　cigar ～　雪茄烧伤
　electron ～　电子烧伤
　flash ～　闪光烧伤
　X-ray ～X　射线灼伤
　～ from tobacco　被香烟烧坏之处
　～ in a rug　地毯被烧坏之处
　～s on one's hand　手上烧伤的疤痕

　The firemen suffered severe burns.　消防队员被严重烧伤。
　The lariat gave me a rope burn.　我被套马绳勒伤了。
　He suffered a second-degree burn on the face.　他的面部受二度烧伤。
　She is suffering from radiation burns.　她由于辐射灼伤而受着痛苦。
　If drops of sulphuric acid splashed anyone it would cause burns and blisters.　硫酸溅在身上，皮肤就会烧伤起泡。
　He is being treated for minor-degree burns.　他受到轻度烧伤，正在治疗中。
　The serious burn on her hand was caused by a hot iron.　她手上那块严重的烧伤是被熨斗烫伤的。
　I smell the burn of rubber.　我闻到了烧橡胶的气味。
　Don't lie too long in the sun or you will get a painful burn.　不要在太阳底下躺太久，不然你的皮肤会晒痛的。
　The burn of the antiseptic made him wince.　消毒剂的刺痛使他连忙缩手。
　He had two X-ray burns on the back.　他背上有两处X射线灼伤。
　There were cosmetic burns on her face.　她脸上有几处化妆性烧伤。
　Cases of major burns require medical treatment and hospitalization.　严重烧伤病人需要住院治疗。
　The child was rescued from the fire, but died soon of terrible burns.　这个孩子被人从大火中救出，但不久就死于严重的烧伤。
　The cigar burns in the rug are very eye-catching.　地毯被雪茄烟烧坏留下的痕迹很显眼。
　There is a burn on the table top.　桌面上有一块烧伤的痕迹。

　［同义词］ v. blaze, char, consume, flame, scorch, sear n. injury, scald, scorch, singe
　［词源］　古英语 beornan（置于火上，烧）