vt. & vi.挖，掘 uncover by taking away the earth

　～ a cellar　挖掘地窖
　～ a field　翻地
　～ a foundation　挖地基
　～ a pond　挖池塘
　～ a well　打井
　～ an air-raid shelter　挖防空洞
　～ clams　掘蚌
　～ coal　采煤
　～ drainage ditches　挖排灌渠道
　～ facts　寻求事实
　～ the soil　翻地
　～ underground hideout　挖地下隐蔽所
　～ deep　付出重大代价
　～ deeper　更深入地挖
　～ industriously　勤奋地钻研
　～ intentionally　有目的地挖
　～ laboriously　吃力地挖
　～ away a subject　苦学一门课程
　～ down　挖下去，掏腰包
　～ down a big tree　掘倒一棵大树
　～ in　把…埋进土里，挖掩体
　～ out　挖开
　～ out all the facts　调查研究所有事实
　～ out one's mistakes　找出自己的错误
　～ out the past　发掘过去的历史
　～ out the truth　探求真理
　～ over　挖掘
　～ up　挖出，找出
　～ up 1000 dollars　付出1000美元
　～ up ginseng roots　挖人参
　～ up the hatchet　挑起战端
　～ up lotus roots　挖莲藕
　～ up the tree　把树挖起
　～ up the weeds　铲除杂草
　～ at　挖苦，钻研
　～ at mathematics　钻研数学
　～ for　发掘，寻找
　～ for facts　搜集事实
　～ for gold　挖金子
　～ for information　探求消息
　～ for scientific data　搜集科学资料
　～ for treasure　挖宝
　～ for uranium　发掘铀矿
　～ ...from the earth　从土里挖掘
　～ ...from the ground　从地里挖掘
　～ ...from the ruins　从废墟里挖掘
　～ in the ground　掘地
　～ in the land　挖地
　～ into　挖掘
　～ into etymology　深入钻研词源学
　～ into one's work　全力以赴地工作
　～ into saving　动用存款偿付
　～ into the earth　挖土
　～ out of prison　从狱中逃出
　～ through a trunk　翻遍衣箱

　She went from place to place, and dug and weeded.　她到处走，又挖土，又锄草。
　Inspired by his example, thousands of people began to dig.　在他的带动下，数以千计的人也挖起来了。
　Digging deep, we found water.　挖到深处，我们找到了水。
　The negotiators have been instructed to dig in their toes on the last two major issues.　谈判代表受命坚定自己的立场在两大问题上寸步不让。
　I find this tool is a great help when I dig the garden.　我发现在花园翻土时这件工具很有用。
　It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen hard.　地面冻硬时，不易挖掘。
　They dug a hole.　他们挖了一个坑。
　With a spade her kid dug a pit on the sand.　她的孩子用铲子在沙地上挖了一个坑。
　They first dug a deep hole in the ground.　他们先在地上挖了个深洞。
　Last year they dug five channels.　去年他们挖了五条水渠。
　We are going to dig a second well next spring.　我们打算明年春季再打一口井。
　In addition to natural rivers, the Chinese working people have dug many canals.　除了天然的河流之外，中国劳动人民还开挖了许多人工河流。
　Many other animals dig tunnels in the earth.　许多其他的动物则在地里挖地道。
　They are digging sweet potatoes.　他们在挖红薯。
　Just now I saw him digging carrots in his garden.　刚才我看见他在菜园里挖胡萝卜。
　We'll start digging potatoes tomorrow.　我们明天开始挖马铃薯。
　Consequently, 580 power-operated wells and some canals have been dug.　结果挖了580口机井和几条水渠。
　A tunnel was dug through the mountain to bring water from the river for irrigation.　开凿了一条穿山隧道把江水引来灌溉。

 ♣ dig at　(v.+prep.)
1. 挖苦，对…作旁敲侧击 make sarcastic remarks or insinuations
　The teacher shouldn't dig at his pupils.　老师不应挖苦学生。
　She often digs at others as if she were better than anyone else.　她经常挖苦其他人，好像她比别人好一样。
　I don't know exactly what he meant by that remark. He was obviously digging at somebody, but I don't know who it was.　我不知道他说那话是什么意思。他明显是在挖苦谁，但我不知道他挖苦的是谁。
2. 钻研 make a careful study of sth
　He is digging at his algebra lessons.　他钻研代数。
 ♣ dig away　(v.+adv.)
1. 连续挖 dig continuously
　He has been digging away for hours.　他一连挖了几个小时。
2. 挖开，挖松，挖走 detach, loosen or displace by digging
　The workmen have dug away the foundations.　工人们挖好了地基。
 ♣ dig down　(v.+adv.)
1. 挖倒 fall by digging
　We are going to dig down this wall.　我们要挖倒这堵墙。
2. 掏腰包 pay money out of one's own pocket
　He has to dig down for the window, for he broke it.　他得为这扇窗户掏腰包，是他打破窗户的。
 ♣ dig for　(v.+prep.)
　挖；寻　find sth by digging
　The miners were digging for gold.　矿工们正在挖金子。
　In those days we often went to dig for wild vegetables.　那时候我们常常去挖野菜。
　The invaders are digging graves for themselves.　侵略者在自掘坟墓。
 ♣ dig in　(v.+adv.)
1. 挖战壕或类似的工事 dig trenches and similar defence
　They dug in and waited for the enemy's attack.　他们挖好壕沟，等候敌人进攻。
　The soldiers were ordered to dig in.　士兵们奉命挖掘壕沟。
　They were attacked before they had time to dig in.　他们还来不及挖战壕就受到了攻击。
　The enemy scarcely had time to dig in before our assault was on.　敌人还没有来得及挖好掩体，我们的进攻就开始了。
　Our soldiers have landed and are now digging themselves in.　我们的战士已经登陆，现在正在挖战壕把自己隐蔽起来。
　As soon as they had seized the enemy position, the infantry dug themselves in.　步兵一拿下敌军阵地，立即掘壕固守。
　The fighters steadily dug themselves in.　战士们沉着地挖掘战壕。
2. 挖地埋入 introduce in to the earth by digging
　Dig this chemical in and your crops will grow faster.　把这种化学剂埋到地里庄稼就会长得更快。
　The chemical fertilizer should be well dug in.　化学肥料应该均匀地混入土壤中。
3. 全力以赴地干起来 begin to do sth with a great deal of energy
　John dug in and finished his homework quickly.　约翰开始认真地学习并很快就把家庭作业做完了。
　Come on! Dig in before the food goes cold.　来吧！ 趁热快吃。
　The boys dug in ravenously.　男孩们开始狼吞虎咽地吃起来。
　Don't stand on ceremony — dig in! 　别客气，开始吃吧！
　Mother set the food on the table and told the children to dig in.　妈妈将食品摆在餐桌上告诉孩子开始吃。
　They dug in to the meal.　他们大吃了一顿。
　He sat down and at once dug in to his meal.　他坐下来，立刻开始吃饭。
　He dug in to a pie.　他津津有味地吃馅饼。
4. 使确立牢固的地位 (cause to) establish a secure position for oneself
　The more the boss tries to get rid of her, the more she digs in.　老板越是想除掉她，她就越是拼命保住自己的地位。
　If anyone is to be dismissed when the company falls on hard times, it won't be Jack; he's dug himself in too well.　如果公司碰到困难时刻要裁员的话，那是裁不到杰克头上来的。他在公司里的地位是稳固的。
 ♣ dig into　(v.+prep.)
　〔说明〕 dig into通常不用于被动结构。
1. 挖掘 dig
　He dug into the ground to get something.　他挖掘土地寻找东西。
　It's very difficult to dig into the cliff.　往石崖里挖是非常困难的。
　Fingers like prongs of steel dug into his throat.　钢叉似的指头掐住了他的喉管。
　Their fists were clenched so tightly that their nails dug deep into their palms.　他们紧握着拳头，指甲深深地捏进了手心。
　The child dug his fingers into the sand.　小孩把手指插进沙里。
　She dug her spoon into the pudding.　她把勺子插入布丁。
　He dug his elbow into my ribs.　他用胳膊肘顶了一下我的肋部。
2. 调查，刻苦钻研 investigate thoroughly
　The detectives are digging into this whole business.　侦探们彻底地调查了整个事件。
　The police are digging into the case.　警察正在调查这个案子。
　The young worker dug into Lu Hsun's works.　这位青年工人钻研鲁迅的著作。
　He spent several weeks digging into the problem.　他花了几个星期深入研究这一问题。
　They dug into Chinese history.　他们深入研究了中国历史。
 ♣ dig out　(v.+adv.)
1. 挖掘；挖走 excavate; remove by digging
　The workmen dug out a deep channel for the water.　工人们挖出一条深水沟。
　They have dug out the foundations of the new houses.　他们挖出了新房的地基。
　He dug the stones out.　他把石头都挖了出来。
　The doctor had to dig the bullet out.　医生必须把子弹取出。
　The rescuers managed to dig out the trapped miners.　救护人员设法挖出了困住的矿工。
　What a miracle!The rescue-party dug out from underneath the debris an infant who was intact and still alive! 　真是个奇迹！救援队从废墟中挖出一个婴儿，他竟然还活着，而且毫发未伤。
　The injured men have been dug out of the snow.　受伤人员从雪中被挖了出来。
　Some people are still being dug out of the ruins of the building.　人们仍在挖掘压在建筑物废墟里的一些人。
　After the earthquake some survivors were dug out from underneath a tangle of fallen beams and debris.　地震后，有些幸存者从塌下的房梁和瓦砾堆中被挖了出来。
　Some gold coins were dug out from the ground.　几枚金币从地下挖了出来。
2. 找出来，发掘 find by searching; get out with effort or difficulty
　Why did you dig out all these old magazines?　你把这些旧杂志翻出来干什么?
　Where did you dig out the old books? 　你从哪儿翻出这些旧书的?
　Newspapermen are good at digging out information.　记者们都很善于打听消息。
　The truth was dug out.　真相被揭露出来了。
　We must dig the truth out of him.　我们一定要从他那里把事实真相查清楚。
　Jack dug his sled out of the cellar.　杰克从地窖中翻找出雪橇。
　Quite a number of valuable details were dug out of libraries and archives by the group of researchers.　这组研究人员从图书和档案资料中查找出相当一批有价值的详细资料。
3. 匆匆地离开 flee at full speed; depart hastily
　She didn't say where to go, just dug out.　她没有讲要到哪儿去，只是匆匆地走了。
 ♣ dig over　(v.+adv.)
1. 仔细挖 dig thoroughly
　Be sure to dig the whole garden over before winter.　在冬季来临前要把园子好好地翻一下。
2. 重新考虑 reconsider sth
　I'd like some time do dig over the questions raised in today's meeting.　我倒想迟早将重新考虑今天会上提出的问题。
 ♣ dig up　(v.+adv.)
1. 掘起，找到 remove from the ground by digging; find or get with some effort
　They dug up an old metal box.　他们挖出一个旧金属箱子。
　The professor dug up a Roman villa near Bristol.　在布里斯托尔附近，这位教授挖掘出一座罗马人的别墅。
　We used to bury radishes under the soil to keep fresh and dig them up in time of need.　我们过去总是把萝卜埋在土里保鲜，随吃随挖。
　The tornado dug up many trees and wire poles.　龙卷风将许多树和电线杆连根拔起。
　The tree was dug up by the roots.　那棵树连根挖出。
2. 翻土准备种东西 prepare by digging
　He has dug up the garden.　他已把园子翻挖完了。
　They dug up their flower gardens to grow vegetables.　他们翻花园的土以种菜。
　They dug up a vegetable plot in their yard.　他们在院子里挖了一块菜地。
　This field needs to be dug up.　这块田需要翻土。
3. 发现，揭露出 discover sth that has been secret or hidden for a long time
　Where did you dig up the fresh evidence?　你从哪儿弄到那些新证据的?
　A committee was organized to dig up all the particulars of the case.　他们组织了一个委员会来查明案件的各个细节。
　The scandal was dug up by a well-informed journalist.　这件丑闻是被一位消息灵通的新闻记者发现的。
4. 筹集 make a money contribution
　We should dig up enough money to support his schooling.　我们应该出足够的钱支付他的学费。

 ♣ dig, grub, spade
　这组词的共同意思是用铲子之类的工具向地面挖，并将土弄出来。其区别是：dig指松动某物周围或下面的土，将土弄到表面或只是搅动这些土；spade强调用体力挖土，以便种植物；grub强调在挖土时挖出某物，可引申强调工作、任务或职责的艰苦、肮脏和使人精疲力竭。例如：
　Will you dig the garden?　你将为花园翻土吗?
　The dog was grubbing under the bush, looking for a bone.　狗在灌木丛下面挖掘，寻找骨头。
　We must spade the field to plant flowers in an hour.　我们必须在一小时之内挖好这块地以便种花。

1. C 戳，刺　 a quick push
2. C 挖苦，讽刺　 speaking to sb in an unpleasant way

　give a ～　给某人一个提醒
　～ at　挖苦

　She gave me a dig in the ribs when she told a joke.　她讲笑话时捅了我一下，要我注意。
　John's falling asleep, just give him a dig!　约翰要睡着了，捅他一下。
　That last remark was a dig at me.　最后那句话是为了挖苦我。
　That is a dig at the Prime Minister.　那是对首相的挖苦。
　He tried to get in a few digs at you but I quietened him.　他本想挖苦你几句，但被我劝住了。
　They gave him a dig about his meanness.　他们在挖苦他吝啬。
　She never fails to get in a dig at me, if she has the chance.　只要有机会，她就会插嘴挖苦我几句。
　I'm going to have a dig at English.　我要下决心钻研英语。

　［同义词］ v. burrow, excavate, scoop out, shovel
　［词源］　中古英语diggen <英国法语digure <古法语digue（挖，发掘）